LuckCong's Health Blog

The location and structure of the liver The liver is the largest gland in the human body, is the largest organ of the substantive and liver are mainly located in the right quarter of the ribs and upper abdomen (Figure 1). China's adult liver weight, male-1230-1450g, female 1100-1300g, about the weight 1/40-1/50. In the fetus and newborn, the relatively large size of the liver, the body weight of up to 1 / 20. China's human liver length, width as the diameter 25X15cm. Because the liver is rich in blood supply to the liver was so brown-red, soft and brittle. Liver right circle blunt thick, thin and narrow at the extreme left was wedge-shaped, upper and lower sides, before and after about four margin. Eminence affixed to the top diaphragm from sickle ligament is divided into right and left of the two leaves; the following slightly concave, in the vicinity of the adjacent organ, the surface has slightly H-shaped ditch about vertical and horizontal groove, the right side of the narrow deep ditch, There are front ditch round ligament of liver and right vertical groove wide and shallow, the former division of the gallbladder fossa to accommodate the gallbladder, there is at the rear of the inferior vena cava through the nest inferior vena cava. Wang has trench portal, hepatic artery, hepatic duct, nerve and liver known as lymphatic out the door. Most of the liver is located in the right quarter of the ribs and upper abdomen, a small part of the season at left ribs. The upper bound of the liver and diaphragm dome, adult liver on the sector generally clavicle in the central line of the cross in the 5th rib level. Lei Gong for most of the liver is covered only in the left upper abdomen, between the arch Youlei his 3-5cm, posted by anterior abdominal Therefore, in the normal Youlei difficult to reach under the edge of the lower bound of the liver. If the upper bound of the location of the liver and normal adult If You Lei hit under the edge of the liver, compared with pathological hepatomegaly. Children may be lower than the lower bound of the liver Lei Gong. As the liver through the coronary ligament above even in the diaphragm, so as to breathe, the liver can be with the movement of the diaphragm and moving up and down, lifting up to 2-3cm. As well as the right upper abdominal area, such as rib quarter of the fight against violence or rib fractures, can lead to the breakdown of the liver. Adjacent to the liver organ leaves above the left diaphragm and pericardium near the heart. Leaf near phrenic right above the right pleural cavity and right lung, the right lobe of liver abscess in some cases eroded surface diaphragm and spread to the right pleural cavity and right lung. Right after the leaf near the inside edge of the esophagus, stomach contacts below the left anterior leaf, leaf to the next contact with Helicobacter pylori, the front right lobe contact the following song right colon, liver near the central door adjacent duodenum. Kidney and adrenal gland behind the contacts (Figure 3). Liver to the liver and intrahepatic blood vessels to crack the foundation, can be divided into five leaves four: the left inside the leaves, leaf left, right anterior leaf, right after the end of Ye Ye; left again into left leaf leaves, The next paragraph, right after the outside right after the leaves are divided into upper and lower section. Liver is considered by many to be fixed ligament intra-abdominal, liver gray surface of the liver capsule was wrapped. Liver's blood supply 3 / 4 from the portal vein, 1 / 4 from the hepatic artery. The end of the portal vein in the liver support for the expansion of sinus, which is Ganxiao Ye blood flow within the pipeline. Hepatic artery from the heart artery, the main oxygen supply, the portal to collect the digestive tract of the main blood supply nutrition. Liver in the human body's role The liver is the largest digestive gland in the human body. Is the body's metabolism Central Station. It is estimated that in the liver occurred in a chemical reaction more than 500, the experiment proved that the complete removal of the liver in animals, even after appropriate treatment, can only survive a maximum of 50 hours. This shows that the liver is a life-sustaining activities essential to vital organs. The liver is extremely rich in blood flow, cardiac output of about 1 / 4. Per minute into the liver's blood flow for the 1000-1200ml. The main functions of the liver is to break down the sugar, glycogen storage; involved in protein, fat, vitamins, hormone metabolism; detoxification; bile secretion; swallow, defense mechanism; create coagulation factor; regulate blood volume and water-electrolyte balance; heat and so on . In the embryonic period of the liver function of blood there. 1.'s Liver bile secretion: liver cells can continue to generate bile acids and bile secretion of bile in the digestive process in the small intestine to promote fat digestion and absorption. Every day, 600-1100ml of bile, bile duct into the gallbladder. Condensed from the gallbladder and bile emissions. 2. And liver glucose metabolism: one by small intestinal absorption of sugar, from the portal to reach the liver, the liver and liver glycogen into storage. General adult liver contains approximately 100g liver glycogen, a 24-hour fast enough. Liver glycogen in the regulation of blood sugar concentration in order to maintain its stability plays an important role. When labor, hunger, heat, heavy users of blood glucose, liver cells can also break down glycogen to glucose into the blood circulation, so when blood sugar often Huangan Bing change. 3. Liver and protein metabolism: the digestive tract by the absorption of amino acids in the liver to carry out protein synthesis, ammonia, and ammonia to the role, and so on, the synthetic protein into the blood circulation for the needs of the body organs. Liver plasma protein synthesis is the main place, as the plasma protein can be used as protein in the body of a variety of updates, and therefore the liver plasma protein synthesis role in maintaining body protein metabolism is of great significance. Amino acid metabolism in the liver to produce synthetic ammonia urea and excreted by the kidneys. So when the liver and reduce the plasma protein can increase blood ammonia. 4. Liver and fat metabolism: Fatty liver is the transport hub. After the part of the digestion and absorption of fat into the liver, and later into the storage of body fat while. Hunger, the storage of body fat can be transported to the liver, and then proceed to break down. In the liver, fat can be neutral as glycerol and fatty acid hydrolysis, the reaction of hepatic lipase may be accelerated by glycerol metabolism of sugar to be used, and fatty acid oxidation may be entirely for carbon dioxide and water. Fatty liver is the body, cholesterol, phospholipid synthesis of one of the major organs. When the fat metabolism disorder, allow the accumulation of fat in the liver in the formation of fatty liver. 5. Vitamin metabolism: the liver can store fat-soluble vitamin, the body of the 95% vitamin A is stored in the liver, liver vitamin C, D, E, K, B1, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid and other vitamins Storage and metabolism in place. 6. Metabolic hormones: Under normal circumstances a variety of hormones in the blood are to maintain a certain level of surplus by the liver to deal with the loss of activity. When Huangan Bing, estrogen may be inactivated obstacles, formaldehyde and anti-steroid hormone inactivated obstacles. 7. Antidote: the metabolism process, the portal to collect from the abdominal cavity to the flow of blood, the blood of harmful substances and the anti-microbial substances, will be the liver detoxification and cleaning. Liver detoxification There are four main ways: (1) chemical methods: such as oxidation, reduction, decomposition, and combined-effect. (2) secretion: some heavy metals such as mercury, as well as from intestinal bacteria, with the bile secretion can be discharged. (3) the role of stock; (4) phagocytosis. The liver is the body's main organs of detoxification, it can protect the body against damage, so be toxic or nontoxic solubility of the material, with the discharge of urine or bile break apart. 8. Defensive function: the liver is the largest network of endothelial cells in engulfed the system. Hepatic veins sinus cortex contains a large number of Kupffer cells, have a strong ability to swallow, the portal vein in 99% of the bacteria after liver sinus was engulfed. As a result, the liver of the importance of the role of filtering it is all too apparent. 9. Regulation of blood circulation volume: normal liver sinus can store a certain amount of blood in the body of blood from the liver sinus discharge more blood to compensate for the lack of blood around the circle. 10. Clotting factor Manufacturing: The liver is the body a variety of clotting factor main venue for the body of 12 coagulation factors, of which 4 are in the synthesis of the liver. Liver disease can cause blood coagulation factors caused by the lack of time and the occurrence of bleeding tendency. 11. Generate heat: water, electrolyte balance adjustment, are involved in the liver. Quiet when the body heat from the main body organs to provide. In the labor movement and heat generated when the muscle is the main organ. In a variety of internal organs, the liver is the organ in the body metabolism of the strong, quiet, liver blood flow temperature 0.4-0.8 degrees Celsius higher than the aorta, the greater its heat production. 12.'s Liver regeneration: Animal tests have proved that when the liver was removed 70-80%, do not show obvious physical disorder. And the remnants of the liver in 3 weeks to 8 weeks, up to the original size. This shows that the liver has the function of regeneration. Also: Liver in the human body in the role of 1999/11/21 (small notebook Gang) Liver in the human body is like a huge "chemical factory", carried out by the liver biochemical reactions up to 500 more than the function of the liver has more than 1,000 of these biochemical reactions and liver function and human life is closely related to the activities. Metabolic function Glucose metabolism When blood glucose concentrations, the liver has a regulatory role. Synthesis of liver glycogen to glucose and stored in the liver, when necessary, liver cells can also break down glycogen to glucose, the human body to maintain body temperature, supply the energy needs of human activities. Protein metabolism Liver is a very large body of protein synthesis organ. From the metabolism of amino acids and protein metabolism in response to continuously generate waste - to deal with the ammonia in the liver, ammonia is a serious body of toxic substances, the liver it can be transformed into non-toxic urea from the kidneys through urine discharge To achieve the purpose of detoxification. If the liver disease in the late liver failure occurred, the loss of the ability to deal with ammonia, can lead to "ammonia poisoning" - hepatic coma, I do not know the personnel, at any time of death may occur. Blood coagulation function There is a natural blood substance to stop bleeding - blood coagulation factor, almost all of the clotting factor are manufactured by the liver. In the human liver and blood anticoagulant of the two dynamic balance system plays an important role in the regulation. Advanced liver disease caused by liver failure often die of bleeding. Immune Function Rich liver macrophages, to swallow, digest and clear the blood and the intestinal absorption of micro-organisms, foreign bodies, such as hazardous substances. The liver is the largest network of endothelial cells in engulfed the system. It passed up, and the elimination of isolation and transform the invasion and a variety of endogenous antigen. As a result, the liver and immune function are closely related. Other Human liver involved in the regulation of blood volume, energy generation and water and electrolyte regulation. When liver damage, it will of iron, potassium, sodium, such as regulation of electrolyte imbalance, in particular, it is common salt and water retention in the body caused by swelling. From the above, the function of the liver is very large and important.