LuckCong's Health Blog

Hepatitis B patients Please note: must be good eating customs

2009-01-16T00:10:00.000-08:00

End of the year, a lot of entertainment. For patients with hepatitis B, the frequent disruption of the original laws of the dinner will be the diet, is easy for the virus to control instability. Medical experts stressed infection, hepatitis B patients during the festive season, we have to retain a normal diet and rest habits, to avoid overeating and fatigue, will be very easy to cause illness repeatedly. Avoid drinking less greasy conventional diet In winter, large temperature difference between morning and evening, the weather changes, especially in patients with hepatitis B need to focus on treatment and maintenance. But in fact, many patients will relax in the festive "disease management." National Network of liver disease liver disease experts remind liver friends, at the end of festivals, and entertainment inevitable, but some patients with hepatitis is possible that a number of festivals liver taboo committed an error, such as drinking, eating too much greasy food , tiredness and so on, the virus triggered a rebound, his condition repeatedly. "Hepatitis patients or carriers of hepatitis C virus is an absolute need to refrain from drinking because alcohol metabolism through the liver will produce a large number of free radicals are toxic metabolites liver, adding to the burden of the liver. So, that wine is the liver's' poison 'is not too much . " For patients with liver disease, the proposed best digestible food for human consumption, such as rice, pasta, vegetables, fruits, meat amount, high-fat foods to eat less greasy. Excessive consumption of hot food such as lamb, dog and too spicy food on the liver particularly detrimental. Festivals have to regularly review the medication on time Frequent dinner gatherings and friends will not only disrupt the law of hepatitis life, but also easy for patients to forget a regular basis for treatment or referral, it is easy for the virus to control instability, efficacy greatly reduced. Experts believe that the treatment of patients for follow-up referral is very important to see a doctor regularly to understand the severity of their illnesses, such as monitoring the virus, changes in liver function can also be indicators of drug efficacy and side effects. Half-way stop will affect the efficacy and even give rise to serious liver disease aggravated consequences. The medication does not referral, it is possible side effects or miss on the early detection of drug resistance, resulting in great danger. Cold may cause hepatitis B recurrence "Chronic hepatitis B patients in the seasonal variation, because of susceptibility to colds and other respiratory diseases, is likely to cause recurrence of hepatitis." On the seasonal changes, liver disease to comply with health and good health in general, such as attention to rest; the prevention of influenza; Maintain calm and so comfortable. Here in particular, would like to remind, hepatitis B patients, especially over exertion can not stay up all night, because people stay up all night, it will cause the decline in immunity, this will lead to increased viral replication of hepatitis B, liver burden.

Hepatitis B virus carriers and lovers can kiss it?

2009-01-16T00:09:00.000-08:00

To understand whether the spread of hepatitis B kissing, we must first understand the mode of transmission of hepatitis B virus, the latest release of "Chronic hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines" explicitly pointed out: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) the main blood and blood products, maternal and child, broken skin and mucous membrane, and sexual contact. Perinatal (production) period of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B transmission is the main mode, multi-contact in the delivery of hepatitis B virus-positive mother's blood and body fluids. By mucocutaneous dissemination occurred mainly in the use without a strict disinfection of medical equipment, syringes, invasive operation and surgical clinics, as well as intravenous drug abuse. Other factors, such as repair feet, tattoos, earrings hole bar, medical personnel in the work of accidental exposure, sharing of razors and toothbrushes, such as hepatitis B can also be disseminated. Sexual contact with hepatitis B patients, especially in multiple sexual partners, their risk of hepatitis B infection was significantly increased. Blood donors because of the strict implementation of hepatitis B surface antigen screening, by the transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products caused by hepatitis B infection have been less frequent. Working or living day-to-day contacts, as an office work (including the share of computers and other office supplies), shaking hands, hugging, sharing a dormitory, dining and sharing the same toilet without blood exposure, such as contacts, transmission of hepatitis B is generally not. It is totally not necessary to talk about hepatitis B terribly. By blood-sucking insects (mosquitoes, bugs, etc.) the possibility of the spread of hepatitis B has not been proven. To prevent hepatitis B infection in the most simple and effective method is injection of hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis B patients and should be taken to avoid contact with skin and mucous membrane damage. Because of hepatitis B patients can be found in saliva complete hepatitis B virus, so when and lovers kissing mucocutaneous damage caused as a result of the dissemination of the possibility of hepatitis B or some, but because of hepatitis B virus content is extremely low, so infected with hepatitis B also a very small chance of a very small. The best way to prevent hepatitis B is still yet to hepatitis B virus infection in the whole of the normal injection of hepatitis B vaccine to produce protective antibodies.

Hepatitis B patients on how to drink milk

2009-01-16T00:04:00.000-08:00

As we all know, a very high nutritional value of milk, fresh milk rich in protein and calcium, magnesium and vitamin B1, B2, C. Hepatitis B patients the benefits of a lot of milk. Patients with liver disease should drink 2 cups of milk a day, it can add to the daily requirements of protein, 1 / 10, the daily requirements of vitamin B2 1 / 4 and vitamin A, 1 / 8. However, the milk also need the right way, otherwise will play a counter-productive. Hepatitis B patients to drink milk should be noted: 1. Elderly patients with hepatitis B it is inadvisable: As of lactose in milk under Lactase decomposed into galactose, excessive galactose can be deposited on the eye lens, the trigger cataract. 2. Hepatitis B acute or chronic hepatitis B activity period, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension were fed up with oil and should not be drinking milk. In the digestive tract symptoms and rehabilitation period of drinking for good. Liver cirrhosis with hepatic coma or hepatic coma tendencies should not drink milk, otherwise they will be in a coma induced liver. 3. Should not be an empty stomach to drink: If an empty stomach to drink milk, milk protein can only replace the carbohydrate calories to be transformed into consumption, the new organization would not serve any purpose of protein structure, repair the old organizations. 4. Not a large or big mouth to drink: milk contains 5% lactose, lactase when the body is low, too fast to drink too much milk, lactose digestion and absorption can not easily cause bloating, diarrhea. Therefore, timely milk drink small mouth, saliva and milk to be ingested after mixing. 5. Should not be drinking sugar: sucrose in the gastrointestinal tract because the decomposition products will work with the calcium in milk and, not only is not conducive to the absorption of calcium, it will promote bacterial fermentation gas production, resulting in abdominal distension.

How to add protein in patients with hepatitis B

2009-01-16T00:03:00.000-08:00

The maintenance of human daily life required for normal physiological metabolism of protein, about 70g per day, while hepatitis B patients with liver repaired, put the demand for larger, daily should be maintained at around 100g. Protein-rich food are mainly fish, eggs, milk and meat of animals, as well as various soy products, protein in the process, the Government should do with animal and plant protein, balanced, thus ensuring that different amino acids Perturbation income. Although protein is very important, but not better, if supply exceeded demand for a day, will increase the burden on the liver, increasing fat synthesis, severe cases led to fatty liver. Patients with severe liver disease, such as hepatitis, advanced cirrhosis and hepatic coma tendency should be replaced by low-protein diet. Because the protein is a kind of ammonia material, the process of metabolism in the body can produce ammonia, and ammonia is toxic to humans. When severely damaged liver function, the role of the liver Deaminase receded, increased blood ammonia to produce one of the main causes of hepatic coma. Commonly used in food protein content (%) The name of the protein content of food protein content of food names 13.3 ~ 18.5 flour pork 11.0 Beef 15.8 ~ 21.7 Soybean 39.2 14.3 ~ 18.7 peanut lamb 25.8 21.5 chicken turnip 0.6 Lei 18.1 cabbage 1.1 13.4 spinach egg 1.8 Milk 3.3 Rape 1.4 Rice 8.5 cucumber 0.8 Wheat 12.4 Orange 0.9 Millet 9.7 Apple 0.2 Corn 8.6 sweet potato 1.3 Sorghum 9.5 An average of 100 grams of protein nitrogen content of 16 grams per gram of nitrogen that is the equivalent of 6.25 grams of protein (100/16 = 6.25). So as long as the determination of biological samples in the nitrogen content, which can calculate the approximate protein content. Per gram sample containing a few grams of sample χ6.25χ100 = 100 grams of protein content (grams%). The basic unit of protein is the amino acid.

Hepatitis B important reasons rebound

2009-01-15T23:56:00.000-08:00

There are a lot of clinical hepatitis B liver function in patients with long-term stability, all of a sudden, the body was feeling unwell, the situation of hepatitis B recurrence. These are what cause? Caused by hepatitis B recurrence reasons: 1. Diet: hepatitis patients when eating light, nutritious food mainly to avoid eating greasy, fried, spicy food, it is difficult to digest these foods, will add to the burden of gastrointestinal,of goods, easy to pent-up emotion stomach into a hot and humid, damage the spleen and stomach, induces hepatitis attack. Recurrence of hepatitis caused by alcohol is one of the major wine in Intrahepatic oxidation, the formation of harmful substances Acetaldehyde can directly damage the liver, hepatitis must therefore temperance. 2. Overworked: over exertion (including heavy manual and mental), can undermine the relative balance the body's immune status, to hepatitis B virus replication intensified, increasing the burden on the liver, resulting in the recurrence of hepatitis. Overworked situation are as follows: long distances, stay up all night, the spirit of high tension, work pressure, mood swings, rage and sexual assault as well as the frequency and so too. 3. Seasonal variation: Hepatitis attack different season, spring and summer season for hepatitis easy to attack, autumn and winter fat Author relatively small, seasonal fluctuations in the probability of liver function are: fluctuations in the spring, about 22.94% in summer accounted for 23.85 percent, accounting for 9.17% in autumn and winter accounted for 18.34 percent. 4. To change the environment: The patient in stable condition shortly after a change in the original lifestyle and living environment, such as business, travel and so on, because the living environment, water and soil conditions change, resulting in disorder in the body appear abnormal liver function. 5. Wrongly or abuse of drugs: hepatitis patients to seek eager, often believe the advertising, taking a variety of home-made traditional Chinese medicine preparation; some long-term use "remedy", "prescription", and some drug use do not meet indications, hard to use; Some duplication of large-scale use of the so-called drug Baogan; Some mistakenly believe that no toxic side effects of traditional Chinese medicine, indiscriminate use of non-selective. Liver in these messy and complicated drug formed under the influence of chemical reactions, inflammation and poisoning is becoming more and more weight, liver function damage growing heavier. In addition, there are other diseases caused, such as colds, diarrhea, cholecystitis, bleeding can also lead to fluctuations in liver function. The above reasons, hepatitis B patients have to pay attention to prevention.

Self-diagnosis is suffering from liver disease

2009-01-15T23:53:00.000-08:00

A healthy liver of a healthy lifestyle is essential for every minute exercised liver are more than 5000 important function, in order to maintain the normal operation of your body. If you have the following risk factors, you will likely suffer from liver disease In your work, you come into contact with blood or body fluids. You often exposed to poisons or chemicals, such as spray cleaners, pesticides, paint, under, or long-term smoking environment. You often injecting drugs, especially with people sharing needles. You with more frequent sex partners, unprotected sex life. Have you ever used non-sterile needles for tattoos or puncture. You alcoholism. Even if it is not a lot of alcohol also have toxic side effects, especially when you drink alcohol while taking acetaminophen containing the. You regularly take some herbs or herbal preparations, too large amount of vitamins may also result in liver damage. Do you have the following situations: obesity, diabetes or high triglycerides. You have received blood transfusion, then you may be suffering from hepatitis C. You are a war veterans, especially on the battlefield contact with other people's blood. If you are an answer to any of the above is yes, then you should consult your doctor and request a check of enzymes. The examination is painless, and you will delay is very dangerous.

Why do normal weight is still the risk of diabetes

2009-01-15T05:14:00.000-08:00

American scholar, a study showed that normal weight older men and women, if there is a lot of abdominal fat and muscle between the fat and still have taken place the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study results were published in Diabetes Care (2003,26 372 on). Principal Investigator, University of Pittsburgh Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dr. Goodpaster said that their study found that, even if it is not overweight elderly may also be suffering from diabetes, important factor is excessive body fat stored in the where. Although type 2 diabetes prevalence rate of people over the age of 65 is high, but this group of people is only 14 percent obesity rate. In contrast, the 50-year-old age group was 24%. Goodpaster believes that the elderly in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes may be a link between. The study included in 2964 the elderly, the average age of 73.6 years, of which 48.5 percent were male and 58.3 percent for whites. 51 percent were in people with normal glucose tolerance, 21 percent of people with impaired glucose tolerance, 24% of the people suffering from type 2 diabetes. Using CT scans to determine the abdomen and thigh fat. The prevalence rate of diabetes, obesity group was higher than overweight and normal weight. 30% of obese men and 34 percent of obese women suffering from type 2 diabetes. The results showed that, despite the large amount of leg fat is similar to patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance inter-muscular fat was higher than normal glucose tolerance; At the same time, the proportion of visceral fat was also higher than normal glucose tolerance. The study also found that patients with type 2 diabetes, 22% of normal weight men, 12% of women of normal body weight; the other 14 percent of men and 22 percent of women have impaired glucose tolerance. Combined with another prospective study, which means that there are 2 / 3 type 2 diabetes are not obese men, women are also similar. Goodpaster said that this prompted the elderly suffering from diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, obesity is not a necessary condition for the distribution of fat is to determine the state of insulin resistance and glucose in the environment an important factor for stability.

Female chest is too large will increase the risk of diabetes

2009-01-15T05:12:00.000-08:00

For women who are full of confidence so that they doubled the chest. However, according to U.S. media recently reported that the Canadian scientists found that the chest is too large for women suffering from type 2 diabetes at greater risk. Toronto, Canada, researchers at the University of nearly 92,000 average age was 38-year-old middle-aged women were investigated. They first started to volunteer at the chest size of 20-year-old case has done a survey, then one of its young patients with diabetes chest size of a comparative study. The results showed that those who wore A cup bras women the lowest risk of diabetes; with them, compared to wear B or C cup bra cup women with diabetes should be higher than 32 percent probability; wearing D Cup odds or even sick women will be higher than 50%. The researchers analyzed the chest too much adipose tissue, may affect the cells to insulin resistance. While the incidence of type 2 diabetes and human cells to reduce the insulin sensitivity. The researchers said that the chest is one of female sexuality, its size on behalf of the state of physical development. Fengman chest looks more beautiful, but too much may be detrimental to health. In addition, type 2 diabetes is a disease in a variety of factors, through the formation of multi-year process, chest size does not play a decisive role.

Maternal genes may make the baby grow up to greatly increased risk of illness

2009-01-15T05:09:00.000-08:00

According to "July 21 Lianhe Zaobao reported that the United States, new medical studies have shown that babies in the womb by the mother if the diabetes and obesity genes, a new life in the adolescent suffering from Type II diabetes risk will increase. The United States, the University of Colorado professor Tatsu Billy research team headed by the "Diabetes Care," the publication said that the impact of diabetes in the mother of the baby by a young man appeared II diabetes increased by 7 times the odds, if it is affected by the obesity, the probability will increased by 3 times. The study is 79 in the prior 20-year-old was diagnosed with Type II diabetes in young people, as well as 190 non-diabetic adolescents. Professor Billy Tatsu is estimated that 47% of young people suddenly appeared Type II diabetes is because before birth has been in its mother's body by diabetes and obesity genes. The study also found that during pregnancy the mother of pre-diabetes, diabetes than those who appear before pregnancy, their children suffer from diabetes in the future will be higher than the probability of two and a half times. Research team from the baby's height and weight index (BMI) change was found that maternal obesity so that the baby appeared in childhood overweight, resulting in increased risk of diabetes. Study concluded that, in order to avoid the sudden appearance of the young Type II diabetes, "We have to take life-long therapy, in addition to the prevention of child obesity in childhood too, but also should be reduced by women during pregnancy diabetes and obesity problems. "

The root causes of diabetes

2009-01-15T05:07:00.000-08:00

Before 1980, China's diabetes incidence rate is only 0.3 percent, but now a conservative estimate of up to 3-4%, in the past have always thought that was mainly caused by genetic factors, and in recent years, the incidence has increased more than tenfold, apparently using genetic theory can not fully explain, therefore, put forward in recent years the international community receptor theory, that insulin production and play a role is to ensure that the prerequisite for the normal blood sugar, the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes produce insulin that is to say there is no problem with islet function is not bad mainly can not give full play to the role of insulin caused by elevated blood sugar. In our country, especially with the people's living standards, long-term irregular unreasonable diet, coupled with the reduction of physical activity, resulting in insulin long-term, intensive work instate, a long time, the body appeared 3 insulin resistance, blood glucose is then increased. So many patients in clinic, said: Everyone says the disease genetic,never get the disease, I would do yesterday? Is this truth. That is, the disease in addition to genetic factors, the more fat as a result of drinking too Gan, activities to reduce the lead to the rich man's disease.

Hepatitis B drug's "four principles"

2009-01-07T18:22:00.000-08:00

Pay attention to safety First of all, the treatment of hepatitis B drug would like to emphasize safety, easy changes in hepatitis B patients treated long, single-drug treatment difficult to achieve the purpose, it is the use of combination therapy, medication safety is the primary. Years ago have used a variety of hepatitis drug, was later proved to be unsafe, for example, Vidarabine, phosphine formic acid, are likely to cause renal dysfunction. At present, the use of interferon, lamivudine and other equally serious hidden safety problems, if improperly used, choice of inappropriate or stop may lead to aggravate their condition. Chinese medicine also the existence of insecurity. Some Chinese herbs and Chinese medicine formulations have been proven to clear the role of liver damage, such as Chinese herbs Fructus Xanthii, crassirhizoma, Tripterygium, Trichosanthin, nutmeg, mint,etc.; proprietary Chinese medicines are Xiaochaihu soup, Qingdai compound pill , elimination of nuclear films,grams of silver. Therefore, in order to avoid abuse and extended, over-use, for civil prescription, prescriptions must be used with caution to prevent poisoning. There is the history of drug allergy or an allergy patients, in the event of drug-induced liver injury, we must terminate the drug use and timely to the regular hospital treatment. The pursuit of effectiveness Hepatitis B is now a lot of old drugs, such as oral famciclovir, acyclovir have been confirmed to be invalid, is now phasing out. At present, the main treatment of hepatitis B drug - anti-HBV drugs, recognized only interferon, lamivudine and other several other advertised with the nature of anti-HBV drugs, has yet to be approved unanimously. In addition, hundreds of so-called "Baogan drugs", there is only one part to improve the liver function, reducing the role of liver inflammation. Therefore, patients with medication must be taken seriously and choice should not be reckless haste, must not rely on advertising and other publicity. To promote economy Treatment of hepatitis B costly, expensive drugs are well known, the vagaries of hepatitis B patients, medication continuously, and many patients. Therefore patients with hepatitis B drug use must be prudent and less money to spend wronged. For example, with liver function JiangMei many drugs, select agents, we must take into account the economic capacity, shop around, choose low-cost drugs, such as Ganlixin injection. Many long-term efficacy of new drugs have not been determined, together with the prices are very high, should not be recommended as first-line drugs trial. For example, adefovir, State Food and Drug Administration has not yet formally approved the listing of the drug imports, and many patients have heard that the drug efficacy, and can replace lamivudine, then lost its patience, seek to fight drugs everywhere. Some also purchase of medicines from overseas on their own trial and costly, but the lack of guidance note for the use of drugs, dosage, treatment and so all I do not know, medication is difficult to predict late adverse reactions. Grasp the appropriateness The appropriateness of the principle of rational drug use is mainly reflected in the following areas: appropriate drugs according to the body in patients with diseases and conditions, a variety of factors to weigh the pros and cons of drugs to choose the most appropriate drugs. For example, early in patients with liver cirrhosis, choose anti-virus and anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs at the same time, the best effect. Appropriate dose interferon treatment of hepatitis B is very common, very meticulous grasp dose. If the dose is too small, it will not be effective; if too much dose, drug toxicity have been strong, and in patients with unbearable body. Chinese people generally believed that the appropriate dose of five million to 600 million units / day, 1 time use. An appropriate time such as long-acting interferon week 1 times a week to ensure that patients with the blood drug concentration remained in the effective range of patients can reduce the pain and trouble. Appropriate route of administration must be integrated into the purpose of drug use, drug nature, a patient's body as well as the security situation in the economy, easy and so on. Oral administration of both convenience and economy, but also less affected by the suffering of patients, on the contrary do not advocate intravenous drip easily adopted. Appropriate treatment of hepatitis B patients to emphasize the individual, the person, the principle of treatment, such as interferon treatment object, the disease must be increased in transaminase, hepatitis B virus replication in patients with positive indicators; severe or heavy unfit for use in patients with hepatitis B interferon therapy. Appropriate course of treatment in accordance with the principles of therapeutics to provide drug treatment cycle. Anti-HBV treatment and the treatment of hepatic fibrosis are persistent need of long-term effects obviously can not stop, if necessary, to extend the treatment in order to secure a stable long-lasting effect. For example, lamivudine and interferon treatment of hepatitis B, treatment need more than 1 year. However, some drugs are not suitable for long-term use, it is necessary to avoid the extension of delivery time, reduce the accumulation of poisoning, HIV drug resistance, drug-dependent, such as the emergence of adverse reactions. For example, patients with hepatitis B as soon as fever, anti-inflammatory drug use must take principle, so disease medicine only.

How to optimize the treatment of hepatitis B?

2009-01-02T18:55:00.000-08:00

Ningbo University School of Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Professor liver disease, liver disease Zhejiang Medical Association vice-chairman of the credits will be Dejan Wang With the domestic and foreign research prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and the continuous progress, there is growing awareness of the chronic hepatitis B is a potentially progressive liver disease, if it is not timely and reasonable treatment, some patients will develop liver cirrhosis, And even liver cancer. Among them, particularly in recent years realize that hepatitis B virus replication and extent of the disease situation and progress is the most important independent risk factors. In other words, after a blood test, all a direct reflection of the hepatitis B virus replication of HBV DNA, the higher the concentration, for the development of cirrhosis, liver cancer, the higher the ratio. Therefore, the hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines at home and abroad have made it clear that in the comprehensive treatment of chronic hepatitis B, antiviral treatment is the key. China's "Guide" stressed that "as long as there are indications and conditions allow, they should regulate the anti-viral treatment." "Guide" under the impetus of China's treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus into the beginning of a new era of governance, and so have tens of thousands of patients with chronic hepatitis B benefit. However, a variety of reasons, anti-viral treatment in general is not enough standardization, and no more optimized, so that the anti-viral treatment reduced the effect of this is we must attach great importance. In view of the current problems at home and abroad in recent years, sum up new experience, as well as our clinical practice experience in this special on how to optimize the treatment of chronic hepatitis B to emphasize the following points: First, select a patient, have a good grasp of treatment, "the starting point." . Not all chronic hepatitis B patients need anti-retroviral therapy, not all are suitable for patients with chronic hepatitis B antiviral treatment, it is very important. At present, some medical units, and some expansion of the treatment of any medical personnel, would be the normal liver function has been done and liver histology of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers for the blind anti-viral treatment, the results are often difficult to be effective; more Of hepatitis B virus replication marker negative or low concentrations of non-active carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen also completely unnecessary anti-viral treatment, so that they waste a lot of money, and increase the suffering and psychological burden. This is the case, we are experts in out-patient consultations and in common. As a rule by the medical staff, eager to face the medical treatment of patients (actually a lot of patients but not carriers of hepatitis B), if even the most basic need of treatment or the suitability of treatment Dunong not clear, how can you prescribe some medicine? Knowing that if no rule or rule is not suitable to make money but to deliberately carried out the treatment should not be ruled null and void, is the essence of the hepatitis B as a money tree, is even more loss of medical ethics, it is inevitable that doctors said was a "black doctor" . As we all know, need long-term anti-viral treatment, not low cost, for most patients is a heavier burden. As a result, doctors and patients should be in accordance with China's "Guide" provides carefully selected targets of treatment. At present, domestic and international consensus, and recognized China's "Guide" provides a clear indication of the anti-viral treatment, mainly 2: HBV DNA 105 copies / ml (HBeAg negative for the 104 copies / ml); Second, alanine transferase (ALT) or 2 times the normal liver histology significant inflammatory necrosis. 2 master this indication, that is, select the most suitable for the needs of governance and rule of the object, which is to optimize the treatment of hepatitis B is a basic principle. Second, choose the right drug, the implementation of standardized and individualized treatment. On the market today was that anti-HBV drugs more and more, in particular a large number of false advertising and false propaganda, making a lot of doctors and many patients tell who is an effective drug, which is invalid or uncertain Drugs, which are made with no emphasis on fitness. We have seen many patients completely void of useful drugs and even some of the Liver is a very common Chinese medicines, have been disguising themselves as the anti-viral effects, and strange to the patients or carriers to sell high-priced so-called anti - HIV treatment. Of course, the treatment is ineffective, and spent a large sum of money wronged. Some are also strongly recommended some of the therapy is not yet mature, including some of the ongoing clinical trials, such as the treatment of hepatitis B vaccine, according to the provisions can not be any expansion of the scope of the trial, the charges should not be, but through some The legitimate supply channels so that the patient is assumed to be the pilot, assumed the cost. It is this irresponsible attitude. So who has the responsibility of doctors and patients have a rational, and should be fully aware of the current domestic and foreign anti-hepatitis B drug effective progress in the correct information, the most reliable information comes from domestic and foreign authoritative academic organizations issued guidelines for prevention and treatment of hepatitis B or Related guidance documents, most of them of a medical study, the most fully convincing scientific evidence that the evidence of evidence-based medicine, many focused on the mainstream of the collective wisdom of experts. Therefore, is to guide our direct patient services for clinicians continuously update their knowledge of the best teaching materials. At present, most of the information in a number of regular anti-liver to return to the search site, such as "net win over B" (hbver.com) is a very authoritative public can be fully trusted site. At present, at home and abroad were authentic and authoritative academic mainstream and recognized experts unanimously recommended, after the State Drug Administration formally approved the anti-HBV drug treatment, only six categories, and this is the common drugs interferon and interferon long Effect of interferon (pegylated interferon) (PEGASYS, to carry music), the nucleoside analogue drug lamivudine (Lamivudine), adefovir dipivoxil (Howe, who was in lieu of D ), Entecavir (Bo-channel) and telbivudine (than-V). These two types of drugs in six different characteristics, such as the type of interferon, on the whole course of treatment is the relative merits of fixed (generally from 6 months to 1 year), HBeAg seroconversion rate (that is, HBeAg negative, anti-HBe positive change) higher , The effect is relatively durable, less resistance variation; shortcomings of the need for injection is administered, side effects (such as fever, transient drop in white blood caused by bone marrow suppression, etc.), not suitable for those who decompensated liver function. However, long-acting interferon is superior to the general effect of interferon, a weekly injection to 1 (interferon to be an ordinary day, 1 pin). Nucleoside (acid) analogues of the common advantage of oral administration of (an ordinary day, very convenient), inhibited the virus stronger, and slightly fewer side effects and can be used to decompensated liver function; shortcomings course of treatment is relatively National (generally more than 2 years), HBeAg negative serum low, the effect of not lasting long-term application of resistance variation, the drug that may arise after the condition deteriorated. One of the first application of lamivudine, the most abundant experience, have been included in the Medicare drug use, but the rate of resistance variation out on top of the list. Adefovir dipivoxil for those who have lamivudine-resistant effects, but untreated cases of slow onset, not resistance, suitable for long-term treatment. Of which 000 are domestic, on behalf of small low-price, more suitable for low-income patients in the long-term treatment. Telbivudine is listed on the new drug, anti-viral effect is better than lamivudine, lower than the rate of lamivudine-resistant variant, also may have a higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion, but the price is also higher than lamivudine . Entecavir is a nucleoside analogue in the existing curb the virus and strong, while the lowest rates of drug resistance mutation (4 newly diagnosed cases in less than 1. /.) Drugs, but also the most expensive prices, economic conditions are more suitable for long-term Treatment. In short, these two types of medicine are six first-line treatment drug, as long as we fully understand its advantages, disadvantages, in view of the patient's condition (viral load, the level of aminotransferase), conditions (economic, health insurance) and the wishes of the individual, in full and Communication between patients and reasonable under the circumstances in which application of any of the drugs should belong to the right choice. Third, the turning point of good, timely adjustment of treatment strategies. Now the medical profession has proposed a "road map hepatitis B treatment," the concept is meant to give patients anti-retroviral therapy six months (24 weeks), the virus DNA as a decision-making level, to predict the treatment of one year and two years. If the treatment six months when the lower the viral load, and a year for two years when the better effect, the emergence of drug resistance are less likely; six months if the therapy when viral load can not be reduced to a low level, said the existing treatment Program is not satisfactory, you can consider adjusting the treatment strategy. As a result, the beginning of the treatment regardless of which type of program, once implemented should pay attention to be monitored in a timely manner, particularly HBVDNA decline in the speed and range, the faster the rate of decline, the greater the range, the effect of inhibiting the virus, the better, opportunities for drug resistance mutation Will be less. Rule by doctors and patients should attach importance to the outcome of the policy-making decisions, often referred to as the "turning point." Which will enable us to more hearts of the bottom of the treatment. The treatment of hepatitis B road map Fourth, guard against resistance, early detection, early to deal with. Nucleoside analogue to receive long-term treatment of patients with resistant virus have occurred in the possibility of mutation, and with the administration time and increase the ratio. However, different drug resistance mutation probability and a greater time difference, for example, patients treated with lamivudine-resistant mutation occurred in a higher rate, the time may be earlier. In particular the treatment of patients with slow decline HBVDNA often have a higher incidence of early-resistant variant, should be closely observed. HBVDNA through regular review and early detection of the virus rebound, that is, the drop in viral load after recovery is the occurrence of signs of resistance mutations. At this point should be conditional on the virus-resistant variation of the relevant detection and timely treatment to continue to adjust and take control of virus resistance to deal with the corresponding. Of lamivudine resistance can be used to increase the preferred long-term adefovir treatment or combination therapy with adefovir effect after a single treatment to continue; also would be able to entecavir treatment, but need to increase the dosage to 1mg (2 Tablets) / day, but there have been in patients with lamivudine-resistant strains, the occurrence of entecavir a marked increase in the incidence of drug resistance. Adefovir resistance on, plus lamivudine or to switch to entecavir. Of entecavir resistance can be used to increase or switch to adefovir. Of telbivudine resistance can be added adefovir or switch to entecavir. In short, with the increasing Nucleotides drugs, the use of these drugs increase the number of patients, prevention of drug resistance mutations, in particular, early detection, early processing of vital importance. Based on our clinical practice experience in long-term treatment-resistant variation is inevitable, but unlike in the past have been terrible NA me, as long as close monitoring and the right time, and more able to achieve the desired effect. It is always worried about is that a small number of patients, in order to save time and money that he pharmacies to the purchase of medicines, or even six months, more than one year are not reviewed until the deteriorating condition was eager to visit, only one review found that the virus not only indicators rebound Pick-up, liver function and increase the rebound, then re-adjust the treatment more difficult, and certainly an increase of fees. These lessons must be learned. Fifth, adhere to treatment, with full course of treatment, to grasp "the ultimate goal." Research and clinical practice shows that the anti-viral chronic hepatitis B treatment, as in the treatment of high blood pressure, diabetes, the need for long-term treatment in order to maximize the sustained suppression of hepatitis B virus replication in order to achieve progress in disease control, prevention of the occurrence of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer goal . So for every anti-virus treatment of patients, all intended to make long-term treatment, interferon treatment for at least 6 months, it normally takes a year; the treatment of nucleoside drugs, at least 2 years, especially in HBeAg-negative Most want a more long-term treatment. Any treatment must not be interrupted, even go out to meet with the tourism also full of drugs, medication on time. Lv Jian some of our patients, for various reasons, the half-way unauthorized drugs alone, inadequate treatment or early termination of treatment, resulting in relapse and even their problems. For the treatment of "the end", there had been consensus at home and abroad, is to meet the basic requirements of HBV DNA disappeared, normalization of liver function after treatment of the consolidation of more than 1 year, preferably at the same time achieve HBsAg negative, the effect may be more lasting.

Chronic hepatitis B treatment to optimize the new strategy

2009-01-02T18:54:00.000-08:00

With the anti-hepatitis B virus in recent years, the constant introduction of new drugs listed, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment effect than 3 years ago has been greatly improved. From 2005 listed one after another in our country Dipivoxil of nucleoside analogues, entecavir, as well as the newly listed this year, telbivudine and lamivudine in the initial together to build a nucleoside analogue treatment of hepatitis B Strong Powerful ammunition depots. In addition, apart from the nucleoside analogues, and those with chronic hepatitis B treatment of the antiviral drug interferon in recent years has also launched a long-acting form of polyethylene glycol, as compared with ordinary further enhance the efficacy of interferon. A few days ago, to be held in South Korea's Cheju Island in emerging markets strategy seminar on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, liver disease experts in international Auckland, New Zealand, Professor Edward Gane of the proposed treatment of chronic hepatitis B individual optimization of the new strategy, that is, the combination of chronic hepatitis B treatment Road map, on a regular basis to assess the effect of the adjustment of drug treatment programs so as to enhance the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, reducing or even prevent the disease in patients with liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other long-term complications. Previously held in Kyoto, Japan in the Asia-Pacific Association for Study of Liver Diseases (APASL) 17th Annual Meeting, attended by international experts in liver disease combined with the treatment of chronic hepatitis B road map, as well as the United States in February by the association for the study of liver disease (AASLD) announced The latest edition of "Guide to hepatitis B prevention and treatment" had a thorough exchange of views. They reached the wishes of one of the principal is: the initial treatment for patients from the very beginning treatment should be preferred anti-virus capability, the low rate of drug resistance. In the recent publication of academic activities, a growing number of studies have shown that the treatment of chronic hepatitis B for example, when a poor effect of drugs (such as six months into the treatment can not effectively minimize the level of hepatitis B virus ), The switch to more antiviral drugs in another, to more effectively suppress the virus, such as the level of the virus less than Inhibition to detect. If the initial treatment and appropriate use of potent anti-viral drugs, to minimize the level is an effective way to promote the resumption of regular transaminase and serum HBeAg conversion, to reduce the incidence of resistance in order to achieve sustained effect. Experts said that the existing 4 nucleoside analogues and interferon agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B to address a variety of difficulties, such as poor efficacy, HBeAg negative rate on the low side, the emergence of drug resistance, as well as Security concerns, and so on, provides a wide range of application portfolio means. Doctors can change in patients with specific conditions, the use of individualized treatment. For example, patients with a higher baseline level of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus in the body that is to copy a large number of the option potent anti-viral drugs, such as telbivudine, entecavir; patients, "Dasan Yang", faced with further education, employment, etc. , Will need to HBeAg negative, "Xiao Sanyang," could be considered a higher rate of negative interferon or telbivudine; taking into account the long-term anti-viral treatment of security, not only to consider the option of using a longer time, Application of experience or more nucleoside analogues lamivudine in the United States was the only FDA pregnancy that the B-class telbivudine, or choose a low incidence of drug resistance and side effects of the low incidence of entecavir. Turning to interferon treatment, Gane, a professor pointed out that the treatment of patients with a baseline of a number of conditions, such as age, sex, level of aminotransferase, the level of hepatitis B virus, and so on, the effect of interferon can have a significant effect, this view has been Wide range of academic accreditation. The application of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B clinical study results showed that telbivudine treatment, "Dasan Yang," The patients in the treatment of baseline level of aminotransferase is greater than twice the normal patients, a better effect; drug Six months can reach 49% of patients with hepatitis B virus detection level of less than; treatment for two years, 86% of patients with hepatitis B virus levels remain negative, 49% of patients achieved a "Dasan Yang" to the "Three Yang ", 85% of the patients with normal transaminase. Based on a number of recent studies, as well as relevant guidelines of the view that for the hepatitis B virus genotype A and Type D patients, interferon is superior to the effect on B-and C-type patients; patients with genotype of nucleoside Analogues did not affect the basic effect. In addition, although chronic hepatitis B require long-term anti-viral treatment, but "Dasan Yang" and the treatment of patients, "Xiao Sanyang," and patients are different, so if you need long-term treatment, the drug's long-term security must be considered as a One of the important factors; the treatment of choice in the process of potent drugs can quickly detect the virus less than Inhibition, and the high rate of the e antigen negative / conversion rate is the attending doctor must first focus of attention.

The ultimate goal of the treatment of hepatitis B!

2009-01-02T18:53:00.000-08:00

Source: Sohu health Zhuang Hui Academy of Sciences: the basis of Peking University School of Medicine professor of biological pathogens, and doctoral tutor, the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Zhuang Hui Sohu Health Channel recently invited on the basis of Beijing University School of Medicine professor of biological pathogens, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Professor Zhuang Hui users on the treatment of hepatitis B-related issues. Moderator: You mean the virus is not down the level of treatment of hepatitis B is one of the main signs? Zhuang Hui Academy of Sciences: Yes. The first, we asked the general what is, first, down to the level of the virus. Second, the resumption of normal transaminase, the drug is not a normal down, because the virus is a small, drop transaminases, both linked. Light drop transaminases, the virus did not do it. Third, Dasan Yang is the original e antigen-positive to become the e antigen negative. And e-positive, this is the third. Moderator: This refers to the so-called Da Sanyang it? Zhuang Hui Academy of Sciences: Dasan Yang. Xiao Sanyang there will be no conversion of the problem. Meet three criteria, can not stop immediately, but also to continue treatment, six months after a search but also, if unchanged, could stop. Six months later another two or three times a check or change, you can stop. Moderator: How many patients can be treated to meet you just said these standards. Zhuang Hui Academy of Sciences: 20 to 30 per cent of patients. Zhuang Hui Academy of Sciences: But according to the treatment of patients with time, the patient's condition. Xia Bulai also some five years, six years have had to eat, everyone's situation is different, generally average about 30%. But one might get the drug.

Chinese hepatitis B drug resistance to at least 100,000

2009-01-02T18:52:00.000-08:00

The vast majority of patients with resistance to its own circumstances, such as Mangranbuzhi not adjust treatment will eventually lead to worse Chinese hepatitis B is a big country, a total of 120,000,000 people living with hepatitis B, in which Guangdong is the "hardest hit." According to the latest version of the "guidelines for prevention and treatment of hepatitis B", in order to achieve the goal of the treatment of hepatitis B, hepatitis B patients must adhere to the long-term anti-viral treatment. However, the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Infectious Diseases director, hospital infection in the South of internal medicine Professor Hou Jinlin pointed out that the anti-viral treatment, although the effect was recognized by the medical profession, but after taking the virus mutation and drug resistance has become a clinical problem can not be avoided. According to estimates, since the anti-viral drugs in China has been used in clinical, it is estimated that 100 million patients have used or are in use antiviral treatment, which has an estimated 100,000 drug resistance of hepatitis B patients, and The vast majority of their situation Mangranbuzhi ultimately delaying treatment led to the deterioration of the condition. Antiviral drugs Yizhi virus mutation Hou Jinlin, recognized at home and abroad and effective anti-viral drugs, including the main types of interferon and nucleoside (acid) analogue two broad categories. Oral nucleoside (acid) analogues can inhibit virus replication, in the short term can play a significant effect, but its drawback is the need to maintain long-term treatment, such as "Da Sanyang" Patients want to eat at least two years or more, "Xiaosan Yang" is a longer course of treatment of patients, continue to have poor efficacy of drugs. In addition, the use of nucleoside antiviral drug therapy is likely to occur, the disease is easy to stop after a rebound. It is learned that in clinical practice the most widely used nucleoside analogues lamivudine is, statistics show that patients taking the drug a year after the virus mutation rate of 14%, 38% for the second year, third year 49% , The fourth year of up to 66%. The new out of adefovir dipivoxil treatment before the 3-year low although the rate of drug resistance, "Xiao Sanyang" to the treatment of patients with Article 5, the virus mutation rate may reach 29%. In addition, was recently approved for clinical telbivudine, although more than lamivudine suppression of the virus and improve the ability of e antigen seroconversion dual role, but after the second year in the use of virus mutation rate is not Low. It is due to the existence of these problems in the long course of treatment, patients and doctors must have felt at the end, attach great importance to the resistance, the use of antiviral drugs to a patient's full understanding of this important information. B preferred to deal with anti-retroviral therapy In order to prevent hepatitis B virus outbreak in the human body, is the most effective way to carry out anti-viral treatment. In the just-concluded Asia-Pacific Association for Study of Liver Diseases 17th Annual Conference of the thousands of international disease experts called on the United States the use of association for the study of liver disease in 2007 released the latest version of "hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines." The guide is of the view that patients with hepatitis B should adhere to long-term anti-viral treatment. Although anti-retroviral therapy has been recognized by the medical profession, however, pointed out that Hou Jinlin, early single type of anti-viral drugs, in the event of resistance and response to virus mutation, it can not substitute for the use of drugs in the treatment of hepatitis B This is the most prominent issues . Worst of all, not only this Mangranbuzhi patients, many doctors are not aware of the problem. According to estimates, China is at least 100,000 of the emergence of drug resistance in patients. Despite the anti-viral drugs continues to introduce new patients with drug resistance, the use of alternative drugs or more of the drug has become a reality, the need to attach great importance to the specialist, do not miss the treatment of patients with the "turning point" and lead to further deterioration. In the treatment of drug resistance can be prevented Although the issue of hepatitis B in clinical resistance to the doctor brought a lot of problems, but fortunately, the types of antiviral drugs is increasing. It is reported that as early as the only antiviral drug lamivudine, but now the "family of antiviral drugs" has been "growing", 6 kinds of drugs have been approved by China for the treatment of anti-hepatitis B virus. According to the present level of anti-viral treatment, if patients with drug resistance, fully replacing the drug or drugs, the treatment of joint. Hou Jinlin said that the choice of future anti-viral treatment for hepatitis B, the drug may have some mixed use, could play a "cocktail" therapy, can effectively reduce the resistance, but also enhance the effect. Optimization of treatment can not keep up The number of antiviral drugs, this is a good thing, but now there is an additional problem: In the past few drugs, compared with single treatment, the drug is more, treatment should relevant diversification, as a result of both diagnosis and treatment of people, As a result of diagnosis and treatment when they should be. What is the time to start anti-retroviral therapy? How to determine whether the emergence of drug resistance in patients with HIV and mutation? Emergence of resistant virus and how to deal with variation? When treatment can come to an end? This requires a doctor to determine the appropriate and processing, which currently do not have a unified specification. Anti-retroviral therapy is the most crucial part, Hou Jinlin be summed up as a starting point to find a treatment, the inflection point and end point. Only by grasping the treatment of hepatitis B three points in order to achieve the treatment of the "four transformations" - to maximize the efficacy and minimize resistance, cost-effective and individualized treatment. The so-called "starting point", is a doctor to decide when to start anti-retroviral therapy, the treatment is not a problem, in accordance with the norms, as long as the virus and the level of aminotransferase index reached a certain target, they should start antiviral therapy. Hou Jinlin, said the most troublesome patients to determine whether there is a turning point of the treatment. What is meant by "turning point", he played a vivid metaphor: the Yangtze River in the south have been the source of torrents, if there is no "turning point" will flow to South Asia, but fortunately in the territory of Yunnan Province, the Yangtze River to the east and break, making only in the Yangtze River Now the lower reaches has become a fertile land of fish and rice. To receive anti-retroviral therapy for patients, if treated early in the resistance will be able to find the clues, and in the scramble in front of a timely replacement therapy and drug treatment programs, do not give the virus the opportunity to make a comeback, and this is the treatment of captured " Turning point. " And found that attention to the "turning point", will embark on the rehabilitation of the road condition, to the neglect of the "turning point", it is likely On the contrary, will eventually become irreparable consequences. Doctors found that "turning point", its significance as a farmer sowing seed in the spring, summer harvest will be able to forecast and decide whether to replant some crops. However, Hou Jinlin regret that, despite the "turning point" is so important, but in the actual treatment, liver disease, many non-professional doctors did not realize that this did not advise patients on a regular basis to carry out quantitative virus, drug resistance and liver function tests Lead to the treatment of patients with missed opportunities in vain. Medication can decide on the next six months treatment How to find the treatment of the "turning point"? Hou Jinlin said that the medical profession has proposed a "road map hepatitis B treatment," the concept is meant to give patients anti-retroviral therapy six months (24 weeks), the virus DNA as a decision-making level, to predict the treatment of one year and two years at the time of Effect. If the treatment six months when the lower the viral load, and a year for two years when the better effect, the emergence of drug resistance are less likely; six months if the therapy when viral load can not be reduced to a low level, said the existing treatment Program is not satisfactory, you can consider adjusting the treatment strategy. Young people preferred initial treatment immune anti-retroviral therapy For some young patients with newly diagnosed, such as children, young people in particular to prepare children, as well as the use of nucleoside (acid) analogue-resistant patients, but also considering Immune regulation of interferon-type anti-viral drug treatment. Hou Jinlin, some young patients when infected with hepatitis B virus, due to the virus in the body longer, so that the immune cells it resulted in paralysis, is the misconception that the body's normal cells, the bad guys do not take a pro-active " Brought to justice. " Immune-based anti-virus treatment is the body in the reconstruction of the internal confrontation of the hepatitis B virus defense mechanisms, first of all, "wake up" immune cells, it keep their eyes open and identify the disorder in the body for hepatitis B virus, and then further to eradicate these invasive , To protect the body's normal operation. The human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and the "battle" consists of two phases: First, the eradication of the virus in the blood, in order to clear the period of serum; Second, the eradication of the Organization of the virus, the hepatitis B virus replication Zhi Dao "Lao Chao", which is Removal of immunity period. Young people are in the immune clearance phase, based on the use of immune clearance of interferon-type anti-viral treatment than other age groups of patients better. Need to be reminded that the use of some types of interferon patients did not take an early response to emerging or effect on the drug on its own. Hou Jinlin reminded that this was not recommended for the treatment of some types of interferon response of patients a few months after the emergence of e antigen negative, followed by the withdrawal of about 10% of patients follow-up effects, not only will affect the free drug efficacy Will ultimately affect their treatment process.

The treatment of hepatitis B will be a "marathon campaign"

2009-01-02T18:50:00.000-08:00

Experts warn: Do not easily be cured of hepatitis B, not to cure hepatitis B credulity Recently, a "country of the first hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B removed the hat," the reports have aroused considerable public concern. Reported that the adoption of long-acting interferon antiviral treatment, has 103 domestic patients with chronic hepatitis B surface antigen conversion, remove the hepatitis B "hat." A report published by the media, immediately aroused the concern of many experts, hepatitis B and patients with questions. To that end, reporters around the treatment of hepatitis B-related issues in an interview with the China Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine liver disease professional members of the Commission, the People's Liberation Army 302 Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine director of liver disease, the chief physician Dr. Liu Shijing. Dr. Liu said that the clinical cure 103 people devoid of any meaning, clinical cure and complete cure hepatitis B is different from the two concepts; In addition, immune reconstitution is a complicated systematic project, rely on one or two drugs be difficult to achieve. As we all know, the treatment of chronic hepatitis B drug effects have not yet, but the hepatitis B disease can be controlled. The hepatitis B treatment is bound to be a long-drawn-out battle of Marathon. ≠ completely cured of hepatitis B clinical cure Liu Jing of the view that the abnormal liver function, hepatitis B replication positive indicators, there are clinical symptoms of hepatitis B patients, more objective scientific criteria to determine the effect can be divided into two types: one is the real goal - clinical cure, and the other is Ideal goal - to clear the virus. In accordance with current medical standards, complete cure chronic hepatitis B is very difficult, only a very small number of patients through the correct treatment can achieve complete cure. According to China's "clinical diagnosis based on improved standards of cure" and treatment of hepatitis B clinical cure it easier to achieve a level, the standard is: The main symptoms disappear; hepatomegaly disappeared, no liver tenderness or pain call; liver function Back to normal. But in order to meet the standard cure is very difficult. As a result, tens of millions of patients with hepatitis B can not be cured completely cured and confused. Hepatitis B cure what is the standard? (1) completely cured. Through proper treatment, patients with liver function blood tests check series are entirely normal, hepatitis B virus HBV occurred series of indicators DNA, HBV surface antigen, e antigen negative, liver puncture organizations immunohistochemical examination of hepatitis B virus core Antigen on the surface antigen disappear, so that the results of more than two years to keep time. (2) the basic cure. Through proper treatment, patients with liver function blood tests check series are entirely normal, hepatitis B virus HBV occurred series of indicators DNA, e antigen negative and e antigen and the emergence of e-Serological conversion (B "Da Sanyang "To" Xiao Sanyang "), liver puncture organizations immunohistochemical examination of hepatitis B virus core antigen disappear, so that the results of more than two years to keep time. Dr. Liu pointed out that at present there are 8 percent below a thorough patients can be cured, there are about 30% of patients can be cured basic. This is part of the viral replication in patients with negative indicators, normal liver function and liver tissue virus core antigen also disappeared, inflammation of the liver biopsy or minor static, almost no infectious, disease basic block, the occurrence of liver cirrhosis or liver cancer Significantly reduced the probability; more than 70% of patients can be active in the right treatment, the slow pace of progress in the disease, access to clinical improvement. How do we get the standard cure? Grasp the timing of the treatment. When patients with hepatitis B screening tests appear alanine transferase increased, it is best for the normal limit of 2 times, 10 times, indicators of hepatitis B virus replication (HBV DNA, HBV e antigen) positive, Liver function in compensatory stage, this time for the treatment of hepatitis B in the best time; correct and reasonable use of drugs; patients must be treated seriously the implementation of the program should not stop without authorization or termination of treatment, the drug can not be replaced frequently. So that there is no HBsAg negative ideal drug Dr. Liu believes that the treatment of hepatitis B virus is the core of the treatment of hepatitis B, from 1992 to 2005, there are 5 kinds of antiviral drugs in the international community have been approved for the treatment of HBV. 5 this drug are: general interferon α-2b, lamivudine, pegylated interferon α-2a, entecavir and adefovir. One common use of interferon α-2b longest, more than 10 years, 7 years has been the use of lamivudine, pegylated interferon α-2a and two years after the use of adefovir, entecavir less than A year. At present, entecavir and adefovir, and other new nucleoside analogues are increasingly used for clinical, as the two long-term drug use, the less likely the virus mutate more lasting effect. Entecavir suppression of hepatitis B virus, the fastest, early response rate as high as 90% of patients receiving treatment in the majority of hepatitis B virus DNA was negative, the use of the drug within two years, no variation of the virus, the use of 3 years, about 2% Variability in patients with the virus. From the suppression of the virus, the speed and effectiveness, entecavir most effective. However, entecavir listed on the official use of a relatively short time, is currently hard to confirm the drug's long-term effects. Adefovir relatively low price, but less than the effectiveness of anti-viral drug entecavir, the initial use of anti-viral drug treatment option for patients, about 60% in the treatment of six months to a year after the emergence of hepatitis B virus DNA can be negative, but If the drug replacement therapy with lamivudine treatment failure cases, the effect of a lot worse. In addition, large doses of the drug or with the potential to cause long-term use in patients with renal damage. Interferon alone can be difficult to achieve treatment of hepatitis B immune reconstitution Liu Jing of the view that medical scientists have long committed to the Hepatitis B immune regulation of research will have thymosin, interferon, IL, as well as the treatment of hepatitis B vaccine for hepatitis B treatment to try and break the hopes of hepatitis B immunization Tolerance, the reconstruction of hepatitis B patients immune system. But these attempts have not achieved satisfactory results. Hepatitis B infection due to the continued is still the basis of a number of issues not yet clear, for example, the genetic type of virus, the immune genetic characteristics of the virus, immune factors, cytokines, and antigen recognition, such as liver cell apoptosis. Reconstruction of the body's immune system can only be an ideal, but the distance is too early to success. In addition, the use of interferon, the body's immune cells can improve the ability to identify and enhance the ability to remove T cells, but the antiviral effect of interferon is limited to replication of hepatitis B virus DNA, and can not be present in the liver to remove the nucleus of the hepatitis B virus Copy template cccDNA, after stopping the virus can reproduce again, and has been unable to clear the host DNA integration of viral genes, it is difficult to express the disappearance of HBsAg. Despite the variety of interferon treatment of hepatitis B will play some role in immune regulation, but regulation is very limited. China promulgated the latest "Guide to prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B," pointed out that the regulation of immune therapy treatment of chronic hepatitis B is one of the important means, but is still a lack of specific immune hepatitis B treatment. Only through long-acting interferon treatment of hepatitis B, it is impossible to achieve reconstruction of the human immune system. Moreover, interferon treatment of hepatitis B and not everybody can use, if the improper use of the time, it will lead to the deterioration of the disease.

Your Liver, Your life care of the liver, the value of life

2008-12-29T19:09:00.000-08:00

58th Session of the United States for the study of liver disease reported that the annual meeting (Nov. 2-6) Your Liver, Your life care of the liver, the value of life Participate in the study of liver disease in the United States will be felt Zhu Yun dove our reporter Liver, carrying the weight of life. It per minute in silence to the completion of more than 5000 kinds of important functions, in order to maintain the normal operation of the body. However, the vital organs, is often overlooked. Perhaps it is because of the damage, often unknowingly taken place, it is perhaps the course, is often a long and gradual ... .... "Your Liver, Your life", this is my liver disease in the United States this year will see the field, the deepest feelings of a slogan. In the current President of the General Assembly and Gregory J. Gores, a professor of communication, I am even more deeply into the study of liver disease in the United States is committed to raising public awareness of liver disease in its efforts. By the same token, I also shared with him this shows the annual meeting of the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease research and achievements in the field. Liver disease at this annual meeting, regardless of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis / sclerosis, or liver cancer targeted therapy, the treatment after liver transplantation and other fields, there are new The results of the research and development of new drugs and the report, which reflects the latest developments in the field of liver disease. As the Gores, a professor talking about some of the findings of the disease so that people understand the concept has changed, and some of the results of our new means of treatment, or bring new hope. Gores, a professor talking about, NAFLD has become a chronic liver disease and liver enzyme abnormalities of the main causes of the continuing, but the impact on the survival rate of patients with NAFLD and quality of life of the main factors is not their own liver disease (cirrhosis), but the metabolic syndrome and its Related complications. More and more studies confirm that, NAFLD is usually combined with the existence of glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, and even some academics have suggested, NAFLD can be used as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the early predictor. As a result, monitoring of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) is not only the traditional sense of liver function monitoring, the significance and importance, like on blood lipid and blood pressure monitoring, and other health indicators. "Know Your ALT" is a 2006 U.S. study of liver disease will be launched a campaign aimed at arousing the Government, the medical profession and public health importance of the liver. Gores also introduced to the professor, viral hepatitis has been the world's countries, particularly in Asia, the heavy burden of disease, but in recent years as anti-HBV and anti-HCV drug research as well as anti-HBV vaccine widely used, the incidence of liver cancer has Lower. According to the Organ Transplant Center to register the data statistics, in recent years as a result of HBV infection need for liver transplantation has been to reduce the number of people, which reflects one aspect of an effective anti-HBV treatment in recent years with results. In the report on the annual meeting of entecavir for 4-year resistance, anti-interferon in the treatment of HBV and HCV in the area continued to deepen, as well as studies SHARP Sorafenib in the treatment of advanced liver cancer achieved a breakthrough effect Have enabled us to be more confident in the future of the treatment. Have a healthy liver, healthy body is an important foundation. Your Liver, Your life. Care of the liver, liver to maintain health, stay away from those affected liver health habits and behavior of the bad habits that promote a healthy lifestyle may reduce liver disease and enhance human health in a short-cut.

Active living awareness of hepatitis B

2008-12-29T19:07:00.000-08:00

Following the 2006 Andy Lau as the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis B prevention and control publicity ambassador, Andy Lau also recently shot public service announcements, write "Baby darling," the promotion of performing arts at the same time focus on the promotion of social care and hepatitis B patients. With the heat away gradually, is about to usher in another high school and employment. Some of us, or our children, friends, but also because of illness and confusion. We believe that understanding can only understand in order to allow the community more harmonious big family happy. Here, we are invited to the Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Director Professor Xie Qing Chuan Ranke and the community together to talk science. According to statistics, China's hepatitis B virus, about 120,000,000 people living with chronic hepatitis B patients about 30,000,000 cases each year, about 350,000 patients die of HBV-related chronic diseases, how to effectively reduce the infection rate of hepatitis B virus, at the same time Further improve the treatment of patients with hepatitis B is a topic of great concern, and the scientific understanding of the hepatitis B virus-related knowledge to solve this problem is a prerequisite. Immune a seesaw battle between the virus and When the hepatitis B virus into the human body, the hepatitis B virus, only to the liver, "Qingyouduzhong" medically known as the tropic of the liver virus, the virus through our circulatory system to quickly gather the liver, liver cells into the substantial copying. Typically, the foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria invasion, the body's immune system will immediately begin just outside of biological warfare, hoping to completely remove the invaders. In the adult period, this mechanism is very sound, even if infected with the hepatitis B virus, most people can rely on the immune system and clear the virus, which was recovered. However, in infants and young children during the course of this encounter will be a big problem. As the host immune newborn is not fully developed, easily mistaken for the hepatitis B virus itself, and thus the immune system can not identify and clear the hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus in a state of relative calm, no disease outbreak, that is, in a medical "immune Period of tolerance. " With the host immune system constantly increased, the body's immune system gradually began to identify hepatitis B virus and its clearance to enter medical "removal of the immune period." This time the virus replication and host immune confrontation between the on-going process. If the host can not be completely immune powerful enough to control the virus, the virus continued for 6 months who have not yet been cleared for the development of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Patients can not fully suppress the host immune virus replication, the virus removal process as a see-saw in the war, continuing the see-saw process leading to damage to liver cells. As a result, for the treatment of hepatitis B patients to pay attention to not only inhibit virus replication, the need to regulate the immune host for the disease continued to ease. Correct understanding of the disease with a normal life Hepatitis B virus is the major route of transmission of blood and body fluids such as blood transfusions, surgery, injections, to share with teeth, such as razor may have come into contact with contaminated blood virus, so the current guidelines are recommended for high-risk groups should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine In order to be effective against hepatitis B viruses. At the same time, countries have more stringent screening of blood donors, blood transfusion and blood products caused by the hepatitis B infection has also been a few. In China, hepatitis B transmission is the main way to mother to child transmission, that is, by the hepatitis B virus with the mother transmitted to their children, the process is usually due to contact with the birth mother's hepatitis B positive blood and body fluids due to . As the neonatal immune system is not yet mature, in the hepatitis B virus infection after the virus is difficult to remove, and thus suffer from chronic Hepatitis B high risk, usually as high as 90%; and adults infected with the hepatitis B virus, the immune system due to the body than Strong, and generally able to completely clear the virus, its chronic to the possibility of less than 10%. It should be noted that, as in patients with urine, feces, sweat, tears, the milk of hepatitis B virus were very low, so the day-to-day life or in the process of contact, such as shaking hands, hugging, sharing a dormitory, In a restaurant meal with shared bathrooms and no exposure to blood contact, not the transmission of hepatitis B virus. We need not refuse to hepatitis B patients at arm's length. At the same time, along with the development of medicine, a variety of new antiviral drugs used in clinical treatment, the effect has also made considerable progress in hepatitis B patients as long as the correct understanding of the disease, a doctor with the appropriate choice of anti-viral treatment, most of them can effectively control the disease Development of the normal work and life.

Shocked! 90 per cent of liver cancer have a history of hepatitis B

2008-12-29T19:06:00.000-08:00

It is reported that in recent days, 90 patients with liver cancer have a history of hepatitis B, hepatitis B have been suffering from the disease than others, the risk of liver cancer as much as 10.7 times that of people suffering from hepatitis B virus to carry the risk of liver cancer is a healthy population of 6.37 Times! Why hepatitis B virus is prone to lead to liver cancer? In a few days ago with "viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia" as the theme of the 17th annual meeting of liver disease in the Asia Pacific region, China, South Korea, Japan, Australia and the Asia-Pacific region, such as liver disease prevention and control large number of experts and scholars opened this "The answer." Patients: non-standard treatment of hepatitis B liver change 51-year-old Mr. Zhang Huan Yigan for 12 years, long-term use of certain drugs, he resistance occurred, resulting in a rebound condition. Recently, the company's business in a row because of his business, entertainment, Tilibuzhi feeling, liver pain, quickly check to the hospital, doctors said reluctantly, has advanced liver cancer, missed the best time for treatment ... ... It is understood that similar Cases are not uncommon, due to irregular treatment, combined with the liver and neglect their own health, many patients with hepatitis B unknowingly "shot", the change of hepatitis B liver cancer, died in the tragedy of young elite frequent. Experts say that 90% of patients with liver cancer have a history of hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus infection continued to suffer from liver cancer is the main reason. Such patients are similar to the performance of the following: laboratory examination is "Dasan Yang" or "Xiao Sanyang", normal liver function; liver cancer before the disease was found hidden, no obvious symptoms, liver or no sign of any discomfort zone ... ... The performance of both doctors and patients to a knock on the alarm: hepatitis B patients in a timely manner, if not the norm hospital treatment, away from liver cancer may be just one step away! Experts: more choice of drugs should be cautious "Scientific and standardized treatment is effective in preventing hepatitis B into the key to liver cancer. Hepatitis B need individualized treatment, medication, doctors also need to adjust the anti-viral treatment." At the 17th Asia-Pacific region liver The annual meeting of the disease, experts said, have developed anti-HBV drugs, has formed a nucleoside (acid) analogues, the two long-acting interferon drugs to choose from. In the face of an increased range of drugs, experts say patients should be careful to choose, the 2007 edition of "Guide to Prevention of Hepatitis B" is the international treatment of chronic hepatitis B treatment in the field of the latest regulatory guidance documents, with a high reference value. "Guide" recommends that the nucleoside untreated patients, treatment from the very beginning it is necessary to preferred anti-virus capability, the low rate of drug resistance, and should ensure that the medication compliance, thereby reducing the incidence of drug resistance. Choose from based on the best evidence in support of evidence-based medicine, but also to consider the price of drugs as well as the cost difference between the way (such as medical insurance, at their own expense, etc.). China's renowned liver expert, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Professor Weng Xinhua that the need for a clear understanding that "we should not only anti-virus capability, but also easy to take and the low rate of drug resistance and side effects of small and cheap prices, such an ideal drug , There is no market. " Reminder: hepatitis B liver cancer become big incentive to open If you are infected with the hepatitis B virus, or your doctor is a hepatitis B patients have to bear in mind the following 4:00 away from the risk factors in order to stay away from hepatocarcinoma invasion: 1. Drink. Long-term drinking of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive can promote the occurrence of liver cirrhosis or liver cancer; 2. Rotten food oil. Well-worn animal and plant oil is toxic and may cause cancer; 3. Moldy food to eat. When they find food, oil, dairy products have mold contamination, the ban on consumption; 4. Let matters drift. Hepatitis B patients and their families to the hospital on a regular basis should be checks on a regular basis to review serum aminotransferase, six months to a year "half-and-half", once a fetus fetal globulin, an annual inspection super-B. Otherwise, let matters drift, persistent infection of hepatitis B virus replication, inflammation to fibrosis of the lesion, will inevitably lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer incidence.

Hepatitis B patients can get married and have children

2008-12-29T19:04:00.000-08:00

Hepatitis B patients can get married and have children carry large Xiao Sanyang only reflect the situation of HIV Many people think that hepatitis B is a contagious disease and should stay away from those sources of infection. In fact, hepatitis B is not so terrible, not by any means hepatitis B can be transmitted on, so we should not discriminate against hepatitis B carriers. "Xiao Sanyang," only reflects the situation of the virus Q: I would like to consult, "Dasan Yang" and "Xiao Sanyang," What's the difference? A: The so-called "Xiao Sanyang" means "antigen of hepatitis B 2 pairs of semi-inspection" of the two different results. 2 pairs of half of the first pair refers to the surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody (anti-HBs), the second right yes E antigen (HBeAg) and E antibody (anti-HBe), another third on this core antibody ( Anti-HBc) and core antigen (HBcAg). As the cells in the liver, the heart of antigen has been assembled into a full hepatitis B virus, the serum is not free of the core antigen, so they are around in the blood can only be detected on the third and a half in the right, that is, the core antibody, so that 2 pairs And a half. "Dasan Yang" refers to the surface antigen, E antigen and core antibody were positive. It is generally believed, "Dasan Yang," the relative strength of infectious and at the same time develop into chronic hepatitis B is also the possibility of more. "Xiao Sanyang" refers to the surface antigen, E antibody and core antibody were positive. "Dasan Yang," and it is the difference between the former E antigen positive. It is usually from "Da Sanyang" change from the human body is against E antigen produced a certain degree of immunity. It is generally believed, "Xiao Sanyang" less infectious. But for some of the E and E antigen antibody were negative, it may be infected with the hepatitis B virus is already infected with mutant strains of the virus, which can not be expressed by E and E antigen antibody, but if you check hepatitis B virus DNA ribose Nucleic acid is still positive, that the existence of viremia, is still infectious. No matter, "Dasan Yang" or "Xiao Sanyang," only reflect the human body to carry the virus, the situation can not be reflected in the normal liver function or not, and therefore can not be used to determine the severity of the disease. In order to understand the situation in liver function, preferably on a regular basis (3 months to 6 months) to the hospital for a liver function and hepatitis B two pairs of semi-check. Hepatitis B patients can get married Q: I would like some advice, too, if a liver disease, can not be like normal people, like marriage, children's health? A: Hepatitis B patients can get married, of course, there is no provision can not be married. As long as the right to take measures to block and is also able to reproductive health of the baby. Male patients with hepatitis of the newborn less affected, and in patients with hepatitis in pregnant women, through mother to child transmission, the hepatitis B virus to their children. However, through the birth within 24 hours of playing pin the first hepatitis B immune globulin and the hepatitis B vaccine 10ug (in different parts of the body), the sooner the better; and then over a month and 6 months respectively, and then Two more shot injection. This efficient method of blocking up to 85% to 95%, but can not say 100%. After 3 years to strengthen the immune 1 vaccine Q: How long does hepatitis B vaccine injection is better? A: Hepatitis B vaccination after the antibody levels decreased gradually over time. General vaccination, the injection needle 3, after a month of 97% of people would be able to test the antibodies on the surface; the first 2 years remained at this level; dropped to No. 3 in about 74%, antibody titers also fell. Once again the need for vaccination, mainly in the determination of hepatitis B surface antibody titers, to decide when to play hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B surface antibody titers equal to or less than 10 IU / ml, should be inoculated within six months, the antibody titers of greater than 10 IU / ml in 6 years, multiple cropping. Most of the scholars in China within 3 years after immunization recommendations to strengthen the 1st better.

Hepatitis B mothers, pre-"Memo"

2008-12-29T18:59:00.000-08:00

Year of the Pig birth of an upsurge of "catch up" to describe is not an exaggeration. However, in the face of brewing time, "Rob-B-Hood", a number of hepatitis B mothers how it was also not happy with. Maiqi bottle of milk, nutrition supplement of folic acid, but their bodies do not seem to have the perfect preparation. "B" virus is usually spread through exchange of body fluids, including vertical transmission between mother and child play an important role. Statistics show that among the crowd of about 40% HBsAg-positive mother to child transmission is caused. In our country, "B" virus infection among about 6 million women. Therefore, the hepatitis B virus carried by women, from a planned pregnancy, pre-pregnancy health checks to the need to accept scientific guidance and careful plan must not be careless in haste. [A pre-Memo] Hepatitis B common sense to know For chronic hepatitis B, we need to master the basic knowledge of what? In this regard, the capital of Beijing Medical University hospital liver disease friendship Research Professor Jia Jidong, director of the Center, 2002 National Hepatitis B serum epidemiological survey showed that China's chronic hepatitis B in the general population of about 30,000,000 cases, die every year And hepatitis B-related liver disease in about 300,000 cases. Hepatitis B is usually spread in the following ways: the dissemination of blood and blood products; mother to child transmission (perinatal period in which the dissemination of mother to child transmission is the main way for more access to birth HBV-positive mother's blood and body fluids); damaged by the Skin and mucous membrane spread; not strict disinfection of medical equipment, syringes; invasive surgical operations and treatment; intravenous drug abuse; sexual contact, and so on. [Pre-secondary Memo] Science and early detection screening The potential risk of pregnant women suffering from hepatitis B, doctors must determine their own under the guidance of the current situation of hepatitis B patients. If it is simply "HBsAg" positive, or "Xiao Sanyang", and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) negative, that the virus in the body in a steady state. Although this type of virus can be carried for life, do not affect the normal life, so this type of pregnant women. If the diagnosis shows that the "Da Sanyang," At the same time, HBV-DNA positive, then there is obviously infectious, and may also be associated with liver cell injury. The study by pregnant women HBsAg, "hepatitis B" e antigen-positive at the same time, almost 100% of neonatal infection, and most of them become chronic carriers. As a result, women such a good idea to consider the treatment of rest, to be the "B" virus e antigen, HBV-DNA negative for good after pregnancy. In addition, the acute phase of hepatitis C and cirrhosis can not be pregnant after childbirth, chronic hepatitis B should not be pregnant, which is to the health of the mother and at the same time to avoid pregnancy will be transmitting the virus to the fetus. [Three-level pre-Memo] Nissan found in time to avoid the risk of If pregnant women belonging to the liver disease itself, the high-risk groups, then as soon as possible to receive prenatal care is essential. While a normal pregnancy will not increase the damage to the liver, but a number of obstetric complications, such as gravidarum, hypertension during pregnancy, may lead to serious liver disease. To start earlier inspection, early detection and help to deal with the disease, to avoid or mitigate its further development. Once diagnosed, for the treatment of hepatitis B should be a two-pronged, potent inhibition and virus e antigen seroconversion equally important. For example, under the guidance of doctors choose to telbivudine, such as drug treatment. In addition, some of the symptoms of hepatitis B and certain physiological responses during pregnancy and other liver and gallbladder diseases are very similar, the same would develop fever, weakness, oil tired, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, right upper quadrant pain, yellow skin and eyes, and so on, so Hepatitis B in pregnant women, early pregnancy (3 months) to go to hospital for treatment, rule out the possibility of the existence of the disease.

Patients with hepatitis B and how to live together?

2008-12-29T18:58:00.000-08:00

It does not matter to eat together, do not share toothbrushes, razors, etc. "Doctors, patients with hepatitis B and I eat rice, will not be infected with hepatitis B virus?" "Doctors, patients with hepatitis B and I lived together, as if infected with the hepatitis B virus." On the mere mention of these people who came to the hepatitis B digestive internal medicine consultation, for fear that their infected with the hepatitis B virus in Henan Province People's Hospital director Dr. YANG Yu-xiu said that the health concerns is a good thing, but on some unreasonable to ask. Hepatitis B virus of the most dangerous route of transmission was human blood and body fluids. Patients with hepatitis B and eat together, except in patients with the virus in saliva get food, you have been eating into the mouth, and you just suffering from mouth ulcers, which also happens to the virus in the ulcer site, you can be infected with hepatitis B Virus. Mother to child transmission are in the process of birth mothers have the virus in the body fluids into the child in the child inside her mother's nutrition absorption, it is normal for the majority. Foreign scholars have made an interesting experiment. Two gorillas, one carrying hepatitis B virus, no one, Huan Yigan gorillas stomach food transferred to a normal gorilla of the stomach, only to wait until the normal gorilla to digest the food, did not It was detected in the blood of hepatitis B virus. However, the danger is that with a toothbrush to brush their teeth Huanyi Gan gorilla, the toothbrush is not treated, and then it is normal for the gorillas brush their teeth as a result, it's normal gorillas have unfortunately been infected by hepatitis B virus. This reminds us of the experiment, and do not have to live with hepatitis B patients make a fuss, and patients should be careful not to share toothbrushes, razors, and other body fluids and blood can lead to the spread of dangerous goods can be a

total of meal you may have hepatitis B infection?

2008-12-27T23:51:00.000-08:00

In general, hepatitis B mainly through blood, sex and mother-to-child transmission of the three, will not touch the daily life of the transmission. Many people believe that hepatitis B virus is not spread by the intestinal tract, that is, patients with hepatitis B virus carriers, or a total of meals will not be infected. However, clinically found that patients infected with hepatitis B part of the reason is indeed related to eating. Some patients with hepatitis B and the total meal occurred in the more unsanitary hotel or the street after the dinner table. Research shows that when people eat in the hepatitis B virus carriers, the traditional way of eating hepatitis B infection rate of 42%, while the rate of infection of hepatitis B Fencan system for 17%, which shows that hepatitis B is likely to digest Road-borne. In fact, the route of transmission of hepatitis B virus is more complex, people living with HIV or hepatitis B patients with a variety of body fluids are infectious, and its mode of transmission through blood transfusion and blood products, drug injection and acupuncture, and so on. If the medical equipment was contaminated after the hepatitis B virus is not thoroughly sterilized, so in the stomach, Enteroscopy, extraction, cleaning teeth, interventional treatment, surgery and anesthesia, such as intubation may cause the spread of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus is spread through the digestive tract? When hepatitis B patients and virus carriers or meal together, if your mouth was stabbed fishbone, the teeth bite through, the intestinal mucosa was rough cut of food, or suffering from mouth ulcers, gum bleeding, gastrointestinal Ulcer diseases such as hepatitis B virus gives an opportunity: The damaged mucosa into the blood, leading to infection. In fact, this is a form of blood-borne. When patients or carriers of hepatitis B and dinner, if you can guarantee your mucous membrane of the digestive system is complete, there is no damage, is generally not the hepatitis B infection. However, the gastrointestinal mucosa of the damage is often not easy to find, no one can guarantee their own did not damage the digestive tract, the food-borne disease through a total of the possibility of a great deal. Social life is an important content, but not entirely to the prevention of hepatitis B and the total meal is not possible. The best way to prevent hepatitis B vaccination is with hepatitis B vaccine, once you have had a hepatitis B antibody, the meal can be a total of infected to minimize the opportunity.

Colleagues appeared in hepatitis B patients how to do

2008-12-27T23:49:00.001-08:00

A mode of transmission of hepatitis XIE Yao: infectious hepatitis does not mean that the severity of the high and low, because the level of the virus, said the strength of infectious, I can not say that the emphasis on communicable strong, the light is not strong infectious. Some such as hepatitis B immune tolerance, disease, but he did not blood inside the high-virus, is also highly contagious. However, when the transmission of the virus in addition to outside sources of infection among most of my colleagues is that he was confused by the table and you can not touch, he used a pen or you can not, I think now there is no one single colleague will be shared between the glass, This small, the work environment inside the general possibility of infection is very small, because we are in the hands of the skin's integrity, and not to find a table with a virus I have a feeling on the infected, which is into the The do not. The process of the environment, I can not say that there are a colleague and I will not be able together, I ask you, in turn, take the bus here? You go to stores to buy anything? You have the money to each of disinfecting it? Hands on the bus do not know how many people have touched, because there are probably a hundred personal touch 9, 10 people are carrying the virus, you said to me on the bus did not move my move, we often joke virus, a doctor, How your money out how the ground, and I said next time I am rewarded every time I have put some polish on the ground floor, I do not want you over. If the integrity of your skin is very small, he touched on the table of the virus in particular was exceptionally low, do not spread because of a viral infection to a person of your own people depend on their immune status, depending on your virus infection The number you depend on the virulence of the virus, how strong you are infected with the virus can spread very small number, say, I estimate that a virus can not spread too few. Second: hepatitis B carriers Moderator: But I think on this issue, he actually represents a lot of people, because the virus to carry a relatively high rate, many people do not know the stranger who did not have the virus, we always have doubts inside. XIE Yao: Now that we own or carry hepatitis B virus carriers in the face of it more, for the sake of their own insurance, you are afraid of their own vaccines to fight the infection, to see every one of us must be born after the fight measles vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, which Have to fight, why? His aim is to meet you in the event such a situation, then there is immune, so you can not say no and hepatitis together, according to this logic, then we will be infected with ten thousand times, because every time I see a lot of patients. Moderator: Your body's antibody definitely a lot more than we do. XIE Yao: That is the result of vaccination, the vaccination is the most important, is not to say that my colleagues on how to get hepatitis. Three hepatitis B infection to eat it? Moderator: We like our colleague Xiao Sanyang is like a meal should not be spread, right? XIE Yao: this is also the possibility of the spread of small, is just that the people in formulating the "guidelines for hepatitis B," the time how to prevent infection, said people will not kiss? Said to avoid deep kissing, and certainly not to eat much kissing. Moderator: You said that so I guess there may be a lot of people very relieved, because a lot of people who have doubts, and colleagues have Xiaosan Yang colleagues or friends together for dinner every day, if not eat is also not appropriate, Also live in fear of eating can not be very obvious, so a lot of people say that's a relief.

A correct understanding of hepatitis B infection on the impact of marriage and child rearing

2008-12-27T23:48:00.001-08:00

China's hepatitis B is a high prevalence areas, the surface of one or both of the couples antigen positive or husband and wife are very public. B of the impact on marriage and child rearing, marriage and child rearing on how to reduce the dangers of hepatitis B, is many issues of common concern. A correct understanding of these issues will help improve the quality of hepatitis B patients on marriage and child rearing, but also conducive to social stability. Some people may have noticed that a high degree of hepatitis B family is gathered. Hepatitis B so it will not be genetic? That the current, not genetic hepatitis B, hepatitis B family is gathered mainly due to transmission rather than genetic, and not through the egg or sperm evidence of transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis B does not have a man Direct intrauterine infection in infants. However, the risk of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus infection after the conclusion may be related to genetic factors. Many routes of transmission of hepatitis B, on the marriage of the two sides, in addition to social get-together, there are direct physical contact and sexual contact, infected each other's risk of a study proved that the newly married couple in the side surface antigen Positive and negative on the other, 27 months later, the other on the surface antigen positive up to 140%; and the two sides on the surface of the couples antigen were negative, surface antigen positive only 1.60 percent. Protection of the hepatitis B vaccination rate of 90% -95% if an appropriate increase in the number of vaccine doses or vaccination, and is expected to enhance the immune effect. As a result, the two sides of the marriage spread of the majority of each other can be prevented. It is important early screening, early detection, early prevention. If there is one hepatitis B, hepatitis B surface antibody positive on the other, without fear of transmission of hepatitis B; the surface of the absence of antibodies against hepatitis B vaccine immediately. In the event of being infected by the other side, there is no need to worry too much. The consequences of hepatitis B infection in adults with hepatitis B infection in infants and young children of very different consequences, which was more than 90% of acute, after which 98% will become chronically infected. At present, anti-HBV drugs continue to occur, there is also a great hope for cure. Therefore, if there is a strong foundation for love, do not let you destroy the hepatitis B virus feelings. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B is the most important route of transmission. Surface antigen-positive children born to mothers, the positive rate as high as 30% -40%. Surface antigen, e antigen-positive mothers of the two-babies a year, almost all positive, of which 65% to 72% will become chronic carriers. Mother-to-child transmission, through the placenta in the intrauterine transmission of almost all become chronic carriers, so far no effective treatment, is the most terrible. However, a recent study shows that a single surface antigen-positive pregnant women, infants born to intrauterine infection rate was only 3.7 percent, on the surface antigen, e antigen-positive pregnant women, infants born to two-intrauterine infection rate was 9.80 percent. This shows that intrauterine infection rates up to less than 10%, if the e antigen negative wait until after the birth, intrauterine infection can be greatly reduced. The e antigen negative natural rate, a higher conversion rate after treatment. The birth and the birth mother to child transmission, prevention of good results encouraging. From 1986 to 1990 in four provinces and municipalities of China's pilot area population of 2,000,000 in the large-scale test of hepatitis B vaccine, inoculated newborns each year 30,000 people, immune from 3 to 4 years, 3 to 4-year-old children on the surface antigen positive rate by the immune ago The 16,2% to 1.78%, of which Shanghai has dropped to 0.98 percent. Even the surface antigen, e antigen two-positive mothers, infants born 24 hours after hepatitis B vaccination plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin high price to protect the rate of 92% to 95%. So as long as we take effective preventive measures, the vast majority of mother to child transmission can be avoided, but the probability of transmission of hepatitis B by a few, they should be able to accept the risk. The existence of breast milk hepatitis B virus, but by the hepatitis B infection in the digestive tract is difficult, and the concentration of virus in the milk is far lower than the concentration in the blood. If the baby was born within 24 hours of vaccination, the mother of the breast without damage, experts believe that breast-feeding is safe. In view of the superiority of breast-feeding, weighing the pros and cons, breast-feeding should be a reasonable choice. It is generally believed that hepatitis B virus infection and premature birth, abortion, fetal malformation has little to do. Hepatitis B virus carriers, chronic hepatitis in patients with mild to marriage, pregnancy, pregnancy on maternal and child do not have any impact, but during pregnancy, especially in the latter part of pregnancy on a regular basis to check liver function. Hepatitis B acute or chronic active hepatitis B should be suspended for marriage, marriage as a result of excessive physical exertion may increase the patient's condition and even give rise to serious consequences. Serious illness of chronic hepatitis B in stable condition after pregnancy, pregnancy may increase the disease, and even a threat to the safety of mother and child, so caution must be exercised, and intensive care. Hepatitis B patients with late stage of pregnancy appear dysfunction, in particular the emergence of jaundice, prothrombin time, it is bad trillion, to a high degree of vigilance liver in a coma, the possibility of postpartum hemorrhage. These patients should be hospitalized in good condition to save maternity hospital.

Hepatitis B prevention and treatment knowledge

2008-12-27T23:47:00.001-08:00

Hepatitis B infection is the hepatitis B virus (HBV) caused to the liver inflammatory disease mainly caused by multiple organ damage and a wide prevalence of extremely hazardous infectious diseases. First, the mode of transmission of hepatitis B virus. First, the hepatitis B virus through blood transfusion, needle, not the endoscope disinfection, dirty wounds, such as transmission of beauty. It must be fresh through the window of communication, wound more than 3 minutes would not be infected. As a result, tattoos, sharing razors are vulnerable to infection. The second is spread through sex: male homosexuality, the more partners a greater danger. Third, mother to child transmission, this is our most important route of transmission of HBV. Second, the main symptoms of hepatitis B patients. Occult Hepatitis B onset, the main symptoms of malaise, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, a small number of patients have nausea, vomiting, jaundice or without mild jaundice, hepatomegaly check can be found, tenderness, splenomegaly, a small number of Patients with liver pain. Third, hepatitis B preventive measures. In addition to the prevention of hepatitis B prevention of nosocomial transmission, to strengthen the blood donors and blood products to manage these non-specific prevention measures, mainly to be taken to prevent specific immunity. Hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis B immunoglobulin high price (HBIG) can prevent hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B: 120,000,000 China's disease

2008-12-27T23:46:00.000-08:00

In China, there are 10 people who are carriers of hepatitis B virus, which can lead to persistent inflammation of the liver damage in some patients eventually develop liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, thereby endangering the lives of       10 people in China who have to carry a hepatitis B virus, only 1 in 100 individuals who understand the hepatitis B. This shows that the vast majority of hepatitis B virus carriers are unknowingly spread the virus to the surrounding crowd.   is the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B (referred to as HBV) infection and liver damage leading to a communicable disease. Hepatitis B virus is a small DNA virus, belonging to the liver tropic virus in a family. Hepatitis B virus attacks the normal liver cells, leading to persistent inflammation of the liver damage in some patients eventually develop liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure and thus life-threatening. Hepatitis B virus is how the disease?   hepatitis B virus does not directly damage the liver, primarily by stimulating the body's immune system indirectly lead to liver damage. Virus attacks the liver and enter the liver cells, liver cells as a base to produce copy of the new virus particles. In the virus to enter cells in the liver after being infected by stimulating the immune system to identify and attack the infected liver cells, this process can cause inflammation of the liver and liver cell damage, the formation of hepatitis. If the immune system to identify and complete eradication of the virus, the hepatitis B virus-infected people will be able to make a full recovery.   if the hepatitis B virus infection in the lower immune function, immune defects, or newborns, infants and young children due to the immature immune system can not be six months to the total eradication of the virus, causing virus in the body's long-standing, or chronic form Infection.   Most of the adults infected with the hepatitis B virus after removal of the body and the formation of protective antibodies. Only a small percentage of infected adults (5% to 10%) not completely clear the virus. The young hepatitis B virus infection after the period will be the majority of chronic. About 90% of birth (before) virus infection in the newborn and 25% to 30% in the period of infants and young children infected with young children to develop into chronic infection will be.   hepatitis B virus are the main mode of transmission: mother to child transmission: hepatitis B virus carried by the mother during childbirth, through blood and body fluid transmission to the fetus. In China, mother to child transmission is the main mode of transmission; blood-borne: input, such as with hepatitis B virus in the blood or blood products, the use of hepatitis B virus have been contaminated and not thoroughly disinfected or sterilized medical equipment and supplies; spread of body fluids: Including tissue fluid, semen, vaginal secretions, and other general day-to-day contact. If the speech, shaking hands, hugging, eating, working in the office, will not be the hepatitis B virus infection. How should the treatment of hepatitis B had?   hepatitis B, also known as the "silent killer" because most people were in their initial hepatitis B virus infection does not appear obvious symptoms. Many people have long become a medical examination found that when the hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatitis B common symptoms of fever, fatigue, muscle or joint pain; loss of appetite; mild nausea and vomiting. Serious symptoms may occur when severe nausea, vomiting, jaundice, edema, and abdominal distension. Hepatitis B patients should establish the correct treatment goals, hepatitis B virus replication is the continued incidence of hepatitis B and the root causes of disease. The correct treatment of long-term goal is to curb the virus, slow disease progression to cirrhosis, liver cancer, to reach the final of the long-term disease control.   hepatitis B virus replication is the root cause of chronic hepatitis B. Therefore, anti-viral treatment is a result of treatment, as if drastic measure, the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is the key.   a large number of clinical studies confirm that only through long-term anti-retroviral therapy in order to achieve sustained viral replication inhibition, slow the progression of the disease, and the full realization of the objectives of chronic hepatitis B treatment. As a result, as long as patients with chronic hepatitis B treatment in line with the conditions, it should be positive for the system and standard anti-viral treatment. The liver to make more use of drugs there is harm   hepatitis B patients often eat a lot of the so-called "liver medicine", or even to eat a variety of health care or prescriptions. In fact, so do more harm than good. Hepatitis B virus replication is the root cause of chronic hepatitis B, the anti-viral treatment is a result of treatment, as if drastic measure, the key to the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. A lot of "liver medicine" through the liver metabolism, too much to take in patients with hepatitis B will only increase the burden on the fragile liver.   market, a lot of drug treatment of hepatitis B, Good and bad people mix. Many drugs are claimed to be more than 90% of negative results. If you blindly believe that the indiscriminate use of false advertising, not only can cure liver disease, it may be some side effects, causing damage to other organs. In fact, a rigorous large-scale clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy of anti-viral drugs are not many. Widely used internationally and have accumulated a great deal of experience in anti-HBV drugs, only lamivudine, adefovir and interferon. No need to isolate patients   mother to child transmission, blood and body fluids spread of hepatitis B virus is mainly spread channels. Therefore, in the prevention of mother to child transmission, as long as hepatitis B patients and healthy people to avoid the contact with blood and body fluids, such as in everyday life, such as the commonly used razor possible contact with the blood of others to separate supplies; suffering from hepatitis B The attention to women's menstrual health, is generally not the hepatitis B virus to others. Isolation of patients with hepatitis B is completely unnecessary and unfair. This misunderstanding of the hepatitis B disease will greatly affect the quality of life of patients with hepatitis B, and the health of people who do not have any significance.   In fact, patients with hepatitis B as long as the law of life, to avoid fatigue, avoid alcohol and tobacco, diet, and regular hospital and experienced doctors treatment and follow-up on a regular basis, can still work and normal life. The most important thing is certain from the hepatitis B disease is the culprit start with hepatitis B virus, inhibiting virus replication in a timely manner using the normal anti-virus treatment

Hepatitis B antibody can protect the liver do?

2008-12-27T23:45:00.000-08:00

A misunderstanding: hepatitis B antibody can protect the liver In the right perspective: Only the surface of Zhang Zhuren antibodies useful antibody is said that there are a variety of hepatitis antibodies, antibody protection, such as antibodies on the surface; antibodies are useless, such as antibodies and c-e, which was meant to explain the existence of the past, patients had infections or Are infected with hepatitis B virus. Miss Zhang test on the single-core antibody (HBcAb or anti-HBc), that she had in the past or are infected with hepatitis B virus infection. Injected with a hepatitis B vaccine, or do not produce antibodies on the surface or produce useful antibody (HBsAb), and will not stimulate the heart and e-antibody production, only the two antibodies from the previous infection or are infected with the B Liver virus. Second misunderstanding: hepatitis B virus directly to the liver poisoning In the right perspective: Hepatitis B virus replication continued to cause liver cirrhosis, many people think, cirrhosis and liver cancer is due to the long-term hepatitis B virus directly caused by poisoning. Zhang Zhuren pointed out that the hepatitis B virus itself does not directly cause liver damage, liver cell damage actually sustained as a result of hepatitis B virus replication and stimulate organisms have a sustained immune response, resulting in more damage to liver cells, a long time Normal liver fibrosis will be replaced by scar tissue and fibrosis when the very serious and widespread, there will be cirrhosis. Therefore, continued to block the replication of the hepatitis B virus to prevent hepatitis to cirrhosis and liver cancer development is all about. Three errors: hepatitis B only minutes, Xiao Sanyang In the right perspective: Hepatitis B can not be simply a variety of sub-Liver JiangMei by some of the effects of advertising, people generally believe that hepatitis B is only "Dasan Yang" and "Xiao Sanyang" points. For hepatitis B on the actual medical roughly be divided into acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, severe hepatitis, cholestatic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Many of the normal liver function infected (surface antigen positive) in patients with hepatitis B can not, can only be called carriers, these carriers can be positive HbeAg (commonly known as "Da Sanyang," infectious strong), but also HbeAg Negative (weak infectious). Zhang Zhuren reminded that some patients in long-term level of expertise Dr. Gao Di (even Youyi) under the guidance of non-standard treatment, only know that repeatedly JiangMei Liver, and the virus continued to replicate, so imperceptibly and gradually hiding fibrosis Accumulated, Chao B to wait until the day when all of a sudden found on the surface of the liver is uneven (sclerosis), it was too late.

Hepatitis B recurrence of the seven major culprit

2008-12-27T23:44:00.000-08:00

Hepatitis B liver function in patients with a number of long-term stability, all of a sudden, the body does not feel to check liver function abnormalities; some patients with hepatitis, liver function better when the bad time. Why? Who is the hepatitis B recurrence of the seven main culprit? Overworked Overworked (including the heavy mental and physical) that can damage the body's immune state of relative balance, to aggravate the hepatitis B virus replication, increasing the burden on the liver, leading to recurrence of hepatitis. Overworked the situation as follows: to travel long distances, stay up all night, the spirit of high tension, work pressure, mood swings, and fury and sexual assault have been frequent, and so on. Non-food section When eating in patients with hepatitis to light, nutritious food mainly to avoid eating greasy, fried, spicy food, which is difficult to digest food, would increase the burden on the stomach, Feiganhouwei of goods, easy to stomach pent-up emotion, as the hot and humid , Damage to the spleen and stomach, to induce hepatitis attack. Drinking Drinking is caused by one of the main reasons for the recurrence of hepatitis, alcohol oxidation in the liver, the formation of harmful substances acetaldehyde, can damage the liver, alcohol enters the human body, the liver function and suppress the poisoning effect. Patients suffering from hepatitis, does not mean that moderate alcohol consumption and suicide and must be dry. Wrongly or drug abuse As a result of hepatitis patients to seek eager, often believe the advertising, taking a variety of home-made traditional Chinese medicine preparation; some long-term use of "folk" and "prescription", and some drug use is not in line with the indications, hard to use; some duplication of large-scale use of the so-called liver Medicine; mistaken for some toxic side effects of traditional Chinese medicine did not, without the use of random selection. In the liver of these messy, complicated drug to form a chemical reaction under the influence, poisoning and inflammation is getting more and more weight, add to the growing damage to liver function. Environmental Change Patients in stable condition shortly after the original change their way of life and living environment, such as business, travel, and so on, as a result of the living environment, water and soil conditions change, resulting in chaos and the environment in the body appear abnormal liver function. Seasonal changes Hepatitis outbreak of the different seasons, spring and summer season for hepatitis easy to attack, autumn and winter made the author a relatively small fluctuations in the liver function of the probability of the four seasons are: fluctuations in the spring, about 22.94 percent, accounting for 23.85 percent in the summer, autumn Accounting for 9.17 percent, accounting for 18.34 percent of winter. Suffering from other diseases Cold, diarrhea, cholecystitis, can also lead to massive fluctuations in liver function. As a result, patients with hepatitis usually have to pay attention to weather changes, to protect the spleen and stomach, feeling good conditioning, there are regular daily life, as far as possible to avoid suffering from other diseases. Although hepatitis B is a serious infectious disease hazards, but can be prevented as long as everyone is the prevention of hepatitis B have the knowledge, and do it carefully, it can reduce the risk of hepatitis B infection to a minimum.

What are the routes of transmission of hepatitis B

2008-12-25T00:47:00.000-08:00

Mother to child transmission. It is China's hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause, suffering from acute hepatitis B and HBsAg carrying mothers may be of Hepatitis B transmission to the newborn. In the course of delivery to the neonatal infection, infection in the womb to the newborn (intrauterine transmission), and post-natal infection in newborns. Blood-borne. Including the hepatitis B virus with the importation of blood and blood products, unclean injection, surgery, tooth extraction, tattoos, acupuncture, pierced ears, endoscopy and medical personnel, such as stab wounds to the accident. Iatrogenic spread. Mainly due to strict disinfection without the use of non-disposable syringes, caused by endoscopy. Sexually transmitted. Sexually transmitted. HBsAg-positive male semen infectious, in the family, HBsAg-positive spouse than the other family members more vulnerable to hepatitis B infection. Other forms of communication. About 40 percent of those chronically infected with the virus in saliva, so saliva can also cause the spread. The main means of exchange of body fluids have access to life, such as sharing razors, toothbrushes, and other hygiene products, skin and oral mucosa (including the gums) from time to time may be damaged by the infection break. Therefore, the share of the razor and toothbrush spread among family members see more. Can be seen from the above-mentioned route of transmission in the general work of the contact, the probability of occurrence of hepatitis B transmission is very low. Daily contact with the general office supplies such as the sharing, exchange of money, public dining, and so on, generally will not cause the spread.

Suffering from hepatitis, what physical changes

2008-12-25T00:46:00.000-08:00

Whether it is hepatitis A, hepatitis B or hepatitis any other, there will be some of the same liver and the performance of the performance of the whole body, the performance of those who have it? Life had hepatitis, liver cells to swelling, necrosis, can not eat normal food into the "process", there will be nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite, and so on, patients will have diarrhea, abdominal distension. Liver bile secretion and generate the function can not be normal to digest fat, so there will be tired of greasy. As a result of swelling of the liver cells, so that the intrahepatic bile duct pressure, hampered biliary excretion, so that the bilirubin in the blood increased. Too much bilirubin excretion through the kidneys, and patients will be yellow urine, and even deep as strong tea; bilirubin from the blood mucocutaneous overflow, the body will be jaundice, the patient may feel itchy skin; due to the discharge of bile from the stool Reduce the patient's stool color shallow, and even become off-white, a doctor known as the "clay it." The nerve of the liver in the liver outside the envelope of the liver, hepatitis when the swelling of the liver, liver coated with the adhesion of inflammatory tissue, the liver pain, fatigue after more evident. Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis patients can be a "liver palms" and "spider." Liver palms of both hands is the big fish, small fish occasion of the palm and fingers face congestive heart red, like a layer of painted rouge. As the spider small artery branch expansion, it looks like spider named. Use a pencil or a toothpick push the center of a small spider, the spider's small feet will disappear. Liver palms and spider the formation of the liver due to the inactivation of the function of estrogen decline. In the body's estrogen levels, there will be women Menstrual disorder, the feminization of male breast that may arise. As the patient's liver to reduce the inactivation of the melanoma, which can cause skin pigmentation. Hepatitis, or a decline in immune function disorder, prone to all kinds of infection (such as influenza, herpes zoster, diarrhea, etc.) or complicated diseases of the immune system (such as Sjogren's syndrome, psoriasis, etc.). At the same time, the virus and immune effects will be accompanied by enlargement of the spleen. Liver clotting factor is the venue for serious liver disease, clotting factor reduction, patients can be shown bleeding and clotting problems. Patients with chronic hepatitis, liver fibrous tissue hyperplasia, the formation of the liver lobule leave, nodules, gradually cirrhosis. Severe hepatitis and cirrhosis patients with ascites can occur, endotoxemia and elevated blood ammonia, and even hepatic encephalopathy (hepatic coma). Late oliguria can also occur without urine of liver and kidney syndrome.

Hepatitis B maternal breast-feeding can it?

2008-12-25T00:41:00.000-08:00

Data shows that HBV surface antigen (HbSAg)-positive mothers, the milk of HbSAg positive rate of 36%. To ensure the baby is not infected, the medical profession to see the past as long as HbSAg positive mothers not breast-feeding advocates. In recent years, according to experts pointed out that the results of years of research, maternal hepatitis B by taking certain measures to block the hepatitis B virus transmission through breast-feeding, which can also be breast-feeding her baby. Hepatitis B virus carrying the pregnant women should be in the 3 months before a monthly injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin high price (HbIg200 units) in order to reduce the maternal blood of hepatitis B viral load, reducing neonatal infection of the uterus Rate. In the 24 hours of birth, should be No. 1 needle injection of hepatitis B vaccine, 1 month and 6 months respectively after the injection needle the other two. In this way, although breast milk contains the hepatitis B virus, but the content is extremely low, and newborn immunized in a timely manner, it will not happen of mother-to-child vertical transmission. If the maternal e antigen (HbeAg) positive at the same time, in addition to neonatal hepatitis B vaccine injection, but also injected HbIg, so that the newborn at the same time was active immunization and passive immunity. Some experts also believe that due to the positive HbeAg highly infectious, it is appropriate or not to breastfeed.

The early performance of the hepatitis B

2008-12-25T00:40:00.000-08:00

As a result of hepatitis virus infection and is divided into different types A, B, C, D, E and other, but the clinical findings of chronic hepatitis B or more. China is a high incidence of hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus infection rate is very high, hidden disease, can not be cured, the larger the danger, coupled with strong infectious, and no clear diagnosis was hepatitis B virus carriers or patients with more It is easy to become a source of infection, so early detection is very important. Regular medical check high-risk groups Many people infected with hepatitis B virus in the early stages of infection, or after a fairly long period of time, can not be any symptoms. Many people are in the medical unit found to be infected with the hepatitis B virus. Therefore, in order to early detection of hepatitis B, the most effective way to do this is regular physical examination every year to check liver function and hepatitis B virus of the five indicators (commonly known as "half-and-half"). Compared to most people, hepatitis B of the high-risk people more vulnerable to hepatitis B virus infection, so for these people, but also to check on a regular basis. Hepatitis B is what the high-risk people do? This requires understanding of hepatitis B transmission. Hepatitis A and the fecal - oral route of transmission, hepatitis B is the main route of transmission of mother to child transmission, blood-borne, iatrogenic spread (without the use of strict disinfection of non-disposable syringes, endoscopy, etc.), sexually transmitted and the day-to-day The life of contact (sharing razors, toothbrushes or wound with a contact wound, in the final analysis is spread through the blood). Therefore, if the past two weeks to six months there have been following the case, it is necessary to guard against hepatitis B virus infection: hepatitis B and has been in close contact with patients; lost blood and plasma have been injected, such as albumin or placental globulin; there Had sexual contact with unclean; used strictly non-sterilized syringes, received acupuncture, tattoos, dental surgery and so on. According to statistics, about 80% of Hepatitis B through the family of vertical transmission of the infection, and another 15% through blood, medical media such as infection. Therefore, relatives of patients with hepatitis B, must attach great importance to check again, not only to check the "two half-and-half," should also check hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA). If you are negative hepatitis B vaccine injection in a timely manner should be prevented; If it is positive, should be treated in a timely manner. In addition to remind you that some of the smaller hospitals do not have the hepatitis B screening conditions, it should be possible to inspect large hospitals, not to map cheap, fast map. Most notably, many of Pianqian clinics and hospitals, often using false test so that you test the indicators are looked at every turn for the better, but in reality this is not the case. Common symptoms need to guard against If the hepatitis B virus carriers of the virus in liver cells active in reproduction, impaired liver function, you can have clinical symptoms. Common symptoms include: fatigue general weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, bitter mouth, loss of appetite, nausea, tired of greasy, right upper quadrant discomfort, pain, diarrhea. Sometimes patients have low heat, patients may develop severe jaundice (yellowing of skin, the color of strong tea, such as yellow urine, yellow eyes, etc.). Some symptoms can occur in many diseases, often as not to delay treatment and other diseases. Therefore, the symptoms appear, it is necessary to do so in a timely manner and the etiology of liver function checks that do not easily fatigue, fever and flu are caused by; loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort caused by stomach trouble, or is that neurasthenia , Gastroenteritis and so on. If the delay in treatment, a small number of patients will develop into severe hepatitis, liver damage showed a sharp increase until failure, at the same time with renal failure and other organ damage, patients will continue to add to the jaundice, oliguria, no urine, Ascites, fuzzy sense, delirium and coma. In short, more attention, early detection of hepatitis B can absolutely be done.

Close to people infected with the hepatitis B virus how to do?

2008-12-25T00:38:00.000-08:00

In the face of hepatitis B, almost all as a great scourge, as long as a person heard "two pairs of semi-" there are positive indicators, often less than fear. Han Chuang students are studying more than 10 years, it is because the hepatitis B virus carriers have been shut out of the University; was admitted to high civil servants, but as a "+" life-long regret; also have the Haishishanmeng lovers, but also because Hepatitis B and the fear of a negative mind to leave ... ... Hepatitis B virus is really "all-pervasive"? If you are around people who are infected with hepatitis B virus, how can we not hurt each other, and the protection of their own? Hope that some of the following knowledge, you can change to the B unnecessary panic and even discrimination. Aware of the fact As we all know, China is a high prevalence of hepatitis B region, 10% of people infected with chronic hepatitis B virus. But few know is that China's total population of nearly 60% of the people have been infected with hepatitis B virus; in 10% of the total population of chronic hepatitis B virus-infected people, about 20% of people carry the virus The hepatitis B occur at different times. In other words, every 100 Chinese people, 60 people have been infected with hepatitis B virus, but only 10 have become infected with chronic hepatitis B virus, of which only 2 of hepatitis B occur. The above data to say? It shows that hepatitis B virus in China is indeed widespread, but not in so terrible to imagine. Human beings infected with the hepatitis B virus, most people can rely on the body's own resistance to clear the virus. China 130,000,000 of chronic hepatitis B virus in infected people, the majority of people with the virus is in a "peaceful coexistence" of the state. They are infected with the hepatitis B virus, and how we do China has such a large crowd of hepatitis B virus infection, friends and family around, colleagues, family members of the hepatitis B virus infection is hard to avoid, how to do? First of all, we should know that the hepatitis B virus infection in different periods of time, is not the same as infectious. People are infected with hepatitis B virus, the general can be divided into 3 periods: immune tolerance, immune clearance phase and the non-active (or copy) period. The first two stages (e antigen positive) active viral replication, infectious strong, and in need of special attention; the last stage (e antigen negative) is a low viral replication, infectious weak, do not have to panic over. Then we will be able to learn about a different side of human infection with hepatitis B virus, we should be done about them: Colleagues and friends of the hepatitis B virus transmission: blood, maternal and child, medical infections, sexual contact, intravenous drug injection. Day-to-day contact with live or work, as an office (including the sharing of computers and other office supplies), shaking hands, hugging, sharing a room, a dining table, sharing toilets, and so no exposure to blood contact, hepatitis B virus infection in general will not. So, no need because the hepatitis B virus and alienate your colleagues and friends. Lovers, husband and wife first of all, we have to promote voluntary antemarital examination. If the check is in the side of active hepatitis B, it is necessary to suspend the marriage; only if the hepatitis B virus carriers, you can get married, but not infected with the hepatitis B vaccination should be the other side (3-pin), and suggested that transient When living with condoms. In the next generation of breeding, if the man is the hepatitis B virus carriers, the woman should be full immunization hepatitis B vaccine injection, the woman can be effective in preventing mother-to-child infection, as well as the vertical transmission; if the woman is the hepatitis B virus carriers, for the provision of newborn Passive combined immunodeficiency, the protection rate of up to 80%. However, if the mother's body there is active viral replication of hepatitis B (e antigen positive) should take contraceptive measures to be taken into e antigen negative after pregnancy. Family members of the family members of chronic HBV infection, the entire process should be the other members of the hepatitis B vaccine inoculation. If the members of viral replication, the implementation of the recommendations Fencan system. Although hepatitis B virus does not spread through the digestive tract, oral cavity, esophagus mucosa have ulcers, damage, hepatitis B virus can enter the body through the mucous membrane damage. At the same time, towel, basin, the cup of life, such as appliances, the best use of separately. Women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, the menstrual period, should be properly dealt with health supplies, underwear peracetic acid applications, such as glutaraldehyde disinfectant. Finally, I had to remind you that the newborn must be full coverage of hepatitis B vaccine, that is, born on the same day, January and June the first injection. If the accident had contact with hepatitis B virus-infected blood and body fluids, hepatitis B vaccine has not been vaccinated or previously been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, immunization, but the losers should be immediately injected high price of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and at the same time Immunoglobulin in different parts of the hepatitis B vaccine inoculation.

HBV found in the course of

2008-12-25T00:37:00.000-08:00

Blumberg, a professor in the report, HBV and the subsequent discovery of HBV vaccine is derived from the original serum protein-related basic research, and in fact did not expect that R & B in the area have so much relevance. Blumberg, a professor at before, many scientists are trying to find the cause of hepatitis pathogenic micro-organisms, but the results did not. Blumberg was the main study of the serum antigen genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to disease. They used the spread of immunization techniques of blood transfusion had a large number of patients (such as hemophilia, leukemia) in the blood samples for research. In 1963 he found that living in New York, 1 case of hemophilia patients with a serum of indigenous Australia antigen in human serum react. As a result of this antigen was first found in Australia, so Blumberg called Australia antigen. Blumberg was in the crowd, many of which have been studied and found that this antigen in Asia and Africa among high positive rate, and the health of people in Europe and the United States was low, but in Europe and the United States have liver disease characterized by crowd The positive rate is higher. Blumberg also examined, such as Australia antigen with leukemia and Down's syndrome and found that children with Down's syndrome in Australia antigen positive rate higher, but if the parents of children with Australia antigen positive, but also occur in children with hepatitis without jaundice . Based on these clues, Blumberg and so on the assumption that Australia antigen and hepatitis, subsequent research has confirmed that indeed Australia is the HBV antigen, that is, HBsAg. Later, through observation and transmission electron microscopy experiments confirmed that the Australia antigen and the hepatitis viruses can cause indeed. From this point of view, HBV found the whole process is not designed in advance, but stumbled several times. Later studies found that human serum HBsAg and HBsAb at the same time there are very few, and indeed HBsAb positive effect on HBV are immune. Blumberg and Millman, a professor of specific techniques used to separate HBsAg with the virus, attenuated and inactivated for HBsAg, and this is the first vaccine production process, of course, now widely used in the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine using recombinant methods of expression Hepatitis B surface antigen. Currently, HBV has become the world's most common source of infection, HBV-related diseases each year as a result of the death of about 60 to 1,000,000, while the mortality HBV infection (15% to 25%) than HIV infection (100% ), But because of the large number of HBV-infected people, so the total number of deaths (5570 to 92,800,000) is much higher than die from HIV-infected people (34,000,000). It is gratifying that with the hepatitis B vaccine immunization program to promote, HBV infection rate has dropped significantly. Since 1986, China began to implement infant HBV vaccine immunization program so far, those who have hepatitis B vaccination serum HBsAg positive rate in history has control of 16.3% (879/5397 patients) down to 1.43% (horizontal Research) and 1.81% (Queue Research). Vaccination among HBsAg positive rate of decline will be indirect effects of vaccination and not susceptible. Italy's studies have shown that the majority of the members of the unvaccinated group of serum HBsAg-positive rate of decline, suggesting preventive vaccination has the effect amplification. In addition, HBV vaccination can to prevent the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, China Taiwan, South Korea and Canada, studies have confirmed this. Blumberg, a professor final appeal, according to the current situation, not only to continue to promote hepatitis B vaccination to prevent the occurrence of hepatitis B, but also to take effective anti-HBV treatment, if we can strongly inhibit HBV DNA level, you can Reduce infectious and ultimately the number of hepatitis B infection will be further reduced.

Chinese people and easy to get hepatitis B-related gene?

2008-12-25T00:29:00.000-08:00

Chinese people and easy to get hepatitis B-related gene? Experts said that this is yet to be demonstrated China is the largest liver cancer It is reported that the number of liver cancer in China accounted for more than half of the world, is worthy of the name of the "largest liver cancer." There are 120,000,000 of the hepatitis B virus carriers, that is to say, every 10 Chinese people were one people were infected with hepatitis B virus. Many people can not help but wonder why the Chinese so easy to get hepatitis B? Is it genetic problem? In response, many experts said could not understand. The University of Hong Kong Professor Liao Jiajie said that the Chinese people are particularly sensitive to the hepatitis B virus may be related to gene-related, but have yet to be confirmed. Long-term use of antiviral drugs to be Recently, newspapers, television ads overwhelming the treatment of hepatitis B: Hepatitis B can be said that some of the ads "completely cured", while others said "Zhibu Hao B," patients need medication for life. These ads many patients with hepatitis B at a loss. In response, Chinese Academy of Sciences et al authority in the field of liver cancer, said the treatment of hepatitis B are currently two types of drugs such as interferon First, the regulation of the immune drugs, but drugs are not suitable for everyone. The other is the anti-viral drugs, these drugs is a ills can not be stopped, the patient must be long-term medication. "Fudan standard" for the benefit of more patients At present, liver transplant in the adaptation of people to choose, is internationally recognized as Italy's Mi-lan standard, the United States standards, such as UCSF. These groups meet the criteria in the selection of relatively harsh. During the meeting, the subsidiary of Fudan University Institute of liver cancer a new standard. Al Academy of Sciences named "Fudan standards" It is understood that the "Fudan standard," an increase of about 25% of the population to adapt to a liver transplant in patients with the survival rate of Milan, UCSF compared to the same amount of money. Zhongshan Hospital last year, 4000 cases of liver transplant patients 1 year survival rate of 88%. Liver drug should not take long The new release of "chronic hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines" that the liver over many years a variety of oral drug is not desirable, because there is no good for the liver harmful drug Almighty, in the liver is not completely quiescent best medicine. In addition, the first to take a drug that may well, but the long-term medication, the drug will gradually lose their effect.

Hepatitis B patients with the five major issues of concern

2008-12-25T00:27:00.000-08:00

China's various types of liver disease incidence rate is high. Because of the lack of a correct understanding of liver disease in many patients with great mental stress and panic in society also have a liver disease in patients with discrimination, interfering with people's lives and their health order. As a result, patients and strengthen the different groups in society's basic education is necessary. The number of people are concerned about the issue so simple to explain. Whether patients with liver disease are contagious? Liver disease is caused by a variety of reasons for liver cell injury collectively. At present, there is a common cause of liver disease virus, alcoholic, drug-induced, toxic, immune, vascular, metabolic, genetic, such as bacterial, viral liver disease that only a certain infectious. In viral hepatitis, influenza, hepatitis E is through the digestive tract (I) spread to other viral hepatitis, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C through blood or the main mother to child transmission, not the normal transmission of life. Many patients with hepatitis B is one of the couples lived together for decades and has not spread to the other party. According to the epidemiological investigation, China's chronic hepatitis B virus infected 90% in 5-year-old former infections, 80% in the 1-year-old former infection. Adults are infected with hepatitis B virus can be 95 percent self-healing or cure. Hepatitis B Genetic it? Many patients because their mother or father and carry hepatitis B virus or hepatitis B patients on the view that he is a hereditary, but in fact this is a misunderstanding. Is a hereditary disease of the older generation has its own genetic chromosome abnormalities caused by abnormal offspring have a genetic disease; is infected with hepatitis B and exogenous pathogens - viruses caused by the disease, there are essentially different. HIV infection is preventable, curable infectious disease. The hepatitis B virus, you will not be "genetic" to your children. (Note this site: mother to child transmission and dissemination of fact, the father of infant and parents through the channels in the body to hepatitis B virus to the next generation, this is not the dissemination of "genetic") The goal of the treatment of hepatitis B virus? At present, many of the ads that used the drug "All of the five hepatitis B negative," To achieve this goal is very difficult. At present, the anti-viral treatment, we aim to: HBVDNA negative, HBeAg negative, HBeAb positive, normal liver function. Surface antigen negative of the very few opportunities and can not be treated as the end goal. Anti-retroviral therapy is a long-term project, according to the current treatment, either course of treatment should be greater than 1 year, the nucleoside (acid) drugs to the general course of treatment continued for more than 3 years. How to stop and when to stop under the guidance of specialist physicians. Chronic hepatitis B patients with antiviral treatment should be? Anti-viral treatment must grasp the opportunity, any indication of antiviral drugs have applications in the December 2005 release of "chronic hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines" in detail. A good time to get treatment highly effective, and not grasp the opportunity to be a waste of resources. We must seize the opportunities by experienced physicians to determine, based on the principle that: normal liver function, B observation of super-carriers of the disease-free anti-retroviral therapy is not suitable, HBVDNA positive, ALT greater than normal, more than double the upper limit can be Consider the application of anti-retroviral therapy; have cirrhosis of the liver function of patients, regardless of how the choice should be anti-viral treatment, the condition that specific program. How to prevent hepatitis B virus infection? The most effective preventive measure is the injection of hepatitis B vaccine. Birth neonate within 24 hours (preferably 12 hours) injection of hepatitis B vaccine may be effective in preventing hepatitis B virus infection, the protection rate of 98%. On the surface of antigen-positive pregnant women, newborns 24 hours in different parts of immunoglobulin injections of hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccine is not in favor of pregnant women in late pregnancy injection of hepatitis B immune globulin. Children 3 to 5 years should check HBsAb, attention in a timely manner to strengthen the hepatitis B vaccination. Adults have the opportunity to close contact with the hepatitis B virus in particular, should contact the blood of high-dose injection of hepatitis B vaccine (20 micrograms).

100,000 East Asian immigrants in New York carrying hepatitis B virus

2008-12-25T00:26:00.000-08:00

Every 7 people who have to carry a hepatitis virus, New York's immigrant community in East Asia is becoming the most dangerous of the hepatitis virus, "hidden areas." A few days ago a health report, East Asia, New York, there are 100,000 immigrants bring with chronic hepatitis C virus, most of them did not know. Hepatitis viruses cause infection, but also in the adult body into a fatal liver cancer or cirrhosis, the United States is considered the biggest health threat to the Chinese. Asians are "high risk" groups "The New York Times" reported yesterday, New York University School of Medicine researchers this week published a survey of hepatitis. Which found that New York there are 100,000 from China, Japan, South Korea and other East Asian countries to carry the immigrants with chronic hepatitis C virus, the East Asian immigrants accounted for 15% of the total number. In these hepatitis B virus carriers, the highest proportion of Chinese people. The report so that the East Asian immigrants in the United States in particular the health sector the focus of attention. It is understood that the East Asian immigrants bring with chronic hepatitis C virus than the ratio of 35 times higher than other Americans, which means that their liver cirrhosis or liver cancer incidence is far higher than other ethnic groups in the United States. North America has always been to bring the rate of hepatitis B virus, the lowest in the world, only people living with the crowd below 0.5 percent, on the contrary, the Asian population carry hepatitis B virus rate of 6% to 10%, the highest in the world is one of the regions. A source pointed out that many Asian countries there have been hepatitis B epidemic, with an increasing number of East Asian immigrants to settle in New York, the group will be in a very subtle way the virus to new places of settlement. New York, according to 2000 census data, New York, there are 800,000 Asian immigrants, half of them ethnic Chinese. Hepatitis B Foundation of the Chinese branch of the United States on its Web site lists some of the most common "high risk" groups: Asians, especially parents who immigrated to the United States; married in patients with hepatitis B or come into close contact with their families People; including adults and children. Immigrants lack health insurance New York, an ethnic Chinese community medical center director Dr. Thomas Tsang said that he was involved in the investigation process was surprised to find that Asian-Americans carry the hepatitis virus is very high, and most people knew nothing. "We just last week, checking the Asians, there are 10 people in 7 of the liver showed abnormal situation, in need of medical treatment." Thomas has pointed out with concern. Why the East Asian immigrants, particularly Chinese more vulnerable to hepatitis viruses? Experts point out that, in addition to its own people in East Asia, a higher proportion of carrying the virus, the health care of immigrants has also led to a lack of these Asian-Americans living abroad to become victims of liver disease. Researchers in New York for the residents of the study found that 3 / 4 chronic hepatitis virus carriers did not know, but "confused" the potential to become liver cancer patients. These people often do not enjoy medical insurance benefits in the United States, even if some people have health insurance and can not enjoy free film screening or blood test. New York University research team who is responsible for the亨利博拉克that in the absence of medical insurance, most people will continue to carry the virus this situation until the incidence of hepatitis forced hospitalization before treatment. But Bo Lake acknowledged the tremendous medical expenses diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis patients is a major problem. "Medical insurance is a huge expenditure," said Bo Lake, "If we are to cover every person in need of treatment, it would cost millions of dollars." After the deadly disease often found in home treatment U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released figures show that the Hepatitis B virus carriers in the United States accounted for only 0.4 percent of the total population. In this regard, Thomas has been a national figure that the neglect of the East Asian immigrants. In fact, many Asian-Americans find themselves suffering from the deadly disease, such as liver cancer, usually return home for treatment. East Asian immigrants have hepatitis begun to attract the attention of American society. Not only in New York, the relative concentration of ethnic Chinese in California began to hepatitis virus carriers of the medical situation. Will be held on May 20 in San Francisco's Asian Street will be placed on traditional activities, will launch a free hepatitis B virus testing services. Han Shu Yi New York immigrants carry hepatitis B virus case Gender 20% of men Female 9% Age 20-29 25% 30-39 22% 40-49 15% 50-59 9% aged over 60 4% Born in the country China 21% Korea 5% in other Asian countries by 4% Number of years living in the United States 22% less than 6 years 6 years -10 years 16% 11 years 12%

Chronic hepatitis B can actually be cured?

2008-12-25T00:25:00.000-08:00

In recent years, China-related chronic hepatitis B (referred to as chronic hepatitis B) on the research point of view there have been three types of representation: The optimists The optimists predicted that chronic hepatitis B in the 3-5 years will be overcome. This perspective is linked to the United States in 1971, President Nixon initiated by the National Cancer Research Program, the intention is that in 1976 to celebrate the 200 anniversary celebrations of the founding of the United States when it announced that cancer has been overcome, the facts prove that goal is unrealistic. In recent years, put forward the slogan of "China-free hepatitis B," reflects the people's good wishes and to overcome hepatitis B virus (HBV)'s determination to be part of the anti-business to promote the use and sell its so-called signs of medicine. The optimists undesirable on the grounds that: ① anti-viral treatment so far no medicine, in which chronic hepatitis B infection as a result of a long line, the more difficult to heal completely. ② so far it has yet to be completely cured of the potential chronic hepatitis B drug, usually from the potential emergence of drug to come out to be the last 6 to 10 years, the so-called "3 to 5 years have been overcome," said the timing could not set up; ③ despite the availability of medicine, taking into account China's chronic hepatitis B patients with mainly low-income people actually can not bear the huge expenses, not to mention that these are long-term treatment. To the existing anti-HBV drugs o interferon and lamivudine, for example, chronic hepatitis B in China's application of the above-mentioned drug ratio is low, and which are less formal treatment. ④ even assuming that all chronic hepatitis B patients are able to pay the huge cost of treatment, taking into account the disease in the decades-long recurrent, has become a complex disease, in the part of the pathophysiology of the disease process, the host for HBV Immune pathogenesis can not afford to have a major role, it is pure anti-viral treatment will not solve the problem. Pessimists Pessimists pointed out that chronic hepatitis B is incurable, or at least it is difficult to cure. The reason is that existing anti-viral drugs can only inhibit, rather than clear the virus, it takes a long time, several times for treatment. This point of view of the main problems is to ignore the host immune response. In fact, as long as have a good time (that is, in the immune clearance phase) to carry out anti-viral treatment, such attacked inside and outside of the effectiveness of treatment is obvious, but also proof of chronic hepatitis B can be healed. As mentioned earlier, in China accounted for 10% of the total population of chronic HBV carriers, so far carried out anti-viral treatment systems are only a small proportion in the 1990s before the α-interferon for anti-virus Are few and far between, such as the nucleoside analogues lamivudine and 1999 before moving on to the market in China. Why develop into severe hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer only a small number of patients? Host immune responses played a key role. Since the anti-viral treatment in the absence of a significant portion of cases, patients can still be self-healing, together with the more advanced of the current antiviral drugs, there must be reason to believe that more patients were cured, it also has to prove it. Both these views of the main problems is not the correct assessment of the current anti-viral chronic hepatitis B treatment status quo. The optimists led to a variety of chronic hepatitis B patients Quzhiruowu, but no real treatment effects, especially for immune tolerance in a period of chronic hepatitis B patients with no more good, with the result that the majority of chronic hepatitis B patients with high hopes from , And the final disappointed. So that the pessimists are chronic hepatitis B patients on antiviral therapy available disappointed, so to a variety of ads, taken in the final. Rational allocation Reason to send the correct point of view should be rational and wise. On the one hand, the point of view of the following fully understand the difficulties of anti-HBV therapy: ① my mother to child transmission of HBV infection in the main, easy to carry chronic form: ② perinatal infection and the infected adults, more chronic form of immune tolerance, and anti-viral effect of the treatment of the poor; ③ existing anti-HBV drugs can inhibit rather than clear the virus and its replication intermediates - covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) can be a long time. On the other hand, should also fully recognize that the current chronic hepatitis B antiviral treatment has the following advantages: ① nucleoside analogues - lamivudine and adefovir and entecavir, and so there is a strong role in inhibiting the virus; ② long-acting interferon - the emergence of pegylated interferon efficacy of traditional interferon improved; ③ Immunoenhancer thymosin as' a 1 has been proven to enhance the efficacy of anti-HBV; ④ joint (sequential) therapy so that the number of treatment options, the effect has also increased to varying degrees; ⑤ has shown that choosing the right time to treatment (that is, alanine transferase increased ALT, it is best for the normal limit of 2 times, 10 times less), long-term treatment (α-interferon for 6 months-1 year, and Latin America Mi Fu is scheduled for 2 to 4 years). Pulse therapy (that is, the intermittent therapy) are an effective way to enhance the effectiveness of treatment; ⑥ part of the Chinese herbal medicine has been confirmed that there is anti-HBV effect. Therefore of the opinion, the right attitude should be to make full use of existing drugs to maximize their strengths. At the same time, take full advantage of the host immune response. To the host immune response period (that is, immune clearance phase) for anti-. HIV treatment in the best period for individualized treatment, that is, 'choosing the right drug, adequate treatment, appropriate joint (sequential), a successful treatment can also choose an appropriate time to carry out further treatment. Some people may think, to discuss whether to cure chronic hepatitis B is largely meaningless. It is true that different points of view does not change the current treatment of the status quo. However, a different point of view of the attitude of physicians and patients will have a major impact. The optimists led to patients with high expectations, and ultimately disappointing; pessimists cause patients to lose hope that the existing treatment, resulting in reduced its compliance difficult to adhere to long-term treatment. The two views are the result of common cause patients to lose confidence in the classic method, "desperately trying", at the end when the false advertising. As a result, should allow doctors and patients are aware that although the current treatment of chronic hepatitis B is no medicine: but effective drugs continue to occur, each other, as long as the patient closely with active treatment is ultimately beneficial to the rehabilitation of the disease.

Standard Hepatitis B cure

2008-12-24T19:01:00.000-08:00

The cure chronic hepatitis B standards, including clinical cure, the basic cure and complete cure of the three. The so-called clinical cure for the disease state of hepatitis B patients, the treatment of liver function entirely can be found for the resumption of regular clinical cure. The so-called fundamental and complete cure is a cure for hepatitis B for all people, both carriers of the virus, but also the incidence of hepatitis B patients state that the hepatitis B virus replication of the main indicators (hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B virus - Ribonucleic acid) testing negative, normal liver function, and can last a year or more. Complete cure is the hepatitis B virus antigens in all the indicators into negative, no check liver hepatitis B virus to exist. Currently, clinical cure is relatively easy, the basic cure is extremely difficult, almost impossible to completely heal. The majority of chronic hepatitis B can be achieved clinical cure and the basic cure, but needed a longer time. After proper rest, nutrition and reasonable and appropriate medical treatment can often make the e antigen negative, negative HBV DNA, normal serum aminotransferase, in stable condition. But pay no attention, often relapse, it should adhere to long-term treatment, so that the disease over the longer term stability, in order to recover from the basic. Surface antigen negative, but the more difficult, along the current lack of effective treatment, about 2% -4% of the natural rate of negative after treatment, the rate may be slightly negative, but it is difficult to over 10% .

How the prevention of hepatitis liver cancer

2008-12-24T18:59:00.000-08:00

In general, the prognosis of hepatitis is the most well-intentioned, is suffering from acute hepatitis can be smoothly restored, will not develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer, but does have hepatitis B patients with long-term Buyu, and gradually develop into cirrhosis and eventually the development of Liver cancer. Abroad, there have been reports of chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen occurred in the risk of liver cancer than non-carriers more than 200 times higher. 95% of primary liver cancer patients by chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers evolved. Why a small number of patients suffering from hepatitis B and primary liver cancer can occur adverse change? Its mechanism is not yet entirely clear, so there is no effective way to prevent these cases. Some scholars believe that since the hepatitis B virus is the culprit, then the prevention of hepatitis B will help reduce the occurrence of liver cancer. Dissenting scientists believe that the occurrence of liver cancer is very complex factors, the hepatitis B virus is only the beginning cause of action. Because many people infected with the hepatitis B virus, only a part of the development of cirrhosis, primary liver cancer only a small number of people. The treatment of hepatitis B prevention is very important, but to take a single measure may not be able to solve the problem should be resolved through comprehensive measures for the prevention of chronic hepatitis B, and to prevent the occurrence of cancer. For example, is suffering from hepatitis B should be treated as soon as possible; liver damage as much as possible to avoid the use of the drug; to avoid the harmful physical stimulation factor to reduce the X-ray and radioactive substances on the exposure of the liver; should minimize a variety of infections and early treatment to avoid All kinds of trauma and surgery. Anesthesia, surgical trauma have adverse liver function, the necessary choices as far as possible in the restoration of liver function after surgery. Should avoid alcohol, especially alcohol. Primary liver cancer to develop into more complex factors, in addition to the reasons for the virus, aflatoxin in food, drinking too much content of nitrosamine, in close contact with certain metals such as platinum, copper, zinc, etc. Are related to the occurrence of liver cancer. In addition, the occurrence of liver cancer with immune-related. Normal human cells in the body of frequent cancer, cancer cells may be formed, but the body's immune system to clear these cells have the ability, no human cancer. When the human immune system weakens, the cancer-prone. Enhance the physical, and enhance the body's immune system, but also to prevent the occurrence of liver cancer important area. Hepatitis B patients have a healthy lifestyle, regular daily life, proper physical and mental exercise, maintain an optimistic mood, do not eat moldy food, diet should be light and should be full of vitamins and protein, and so on, so as to enhance physical fitness and improve Immunity to prevent the occurrence of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Seven types of hepatitis B hot issue

2008-12-24T18:46:00.000-08:00

◆ patients with hepatitis B can be married my birth? A reader calls that they are suffering from Hepatitis B, are in love, her boyfriend, but I do not know that they have hepatitis B, can not be asked to marry, not to have children? A: First of all you have to protect her boyfriend, he should play hepatitis B vaccine, another concern for the next generation. Patients with hepatitis B can, of course, get married, there is no provision can not be married. As long as the right to take measures to block and is also able to reproductive health of the baby. Patients usually have to take care of themselves, do not drink, do not stay up all night because of alcohol on the liver damage, fatigue is not conducive to the health of hepatitis B patients.

◆ "positive" the mother during pregnancy need to fight hepatitis B immune globulin? Several pregnant mother said into the phone, and some doctors who recommended in late pregnancy 7, 8, 9 the three-month injection of hepatitis B immune globulin. However, some doctors also do not have to fight. How to do that in the end? A: With regard to this issue, currently on an academic dispute, the pregnant mother to fight hepatitis B immunoglobulin that is a pediatrician in Shanghai put forward. However, by the Chinese Medical Association credits liver disease and the Chinese Medical Association credits will be infected with a joint set of "guidelines for prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B China" is not recommended. Because, the experts agreed that for the time being, to fight hepatitis B immunoglobulin during pregnancy did not gain much from it, the placenta is a barrier, globulin is difficult to penetrate and pass it to the baby. Guidelines made it clear that "positive" the mother of the baby after birth within 24 hours of playing pin the first hepatitis B immune globulin and the hepatitis B vaccine 10ug (in different parts of the body), the sooner the better; in the month and then Six months and then were shot more than two injection. This efficient method of blocking up to 85% to 95%, but can not say 100%.

◆ "positive" mothers can breastfeed baby? A: As for the e antigen-negative (Xiao Sanyang), DNA-negative and liver function to normal mothers, WHO China and "B Guide" can be pointed out that breast-feeding children, there will not be much risk (of course, the baby should be vaccinated B Liver hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin).

◆ immunoglobulin and vaccine facilities time to play out the error, how do? One reader said, because the children played hepatitis A vaccine, so other people in the recommendation of the hepatitis B vaccine needle in the second time in the future push for a whole month, I do not know will not affect the hepatitis B antibody production? Readers also said that needle in the second half of the immunoglobulin in advance, do not need to be in a month when an important qualification injection? A: If there is the inevitable difficulties in the second and third pin needle in terms of time can be a little deviation, the second needle in time before and after one week to play in the third ahead of a needle can be pushed on or after 2 months , That is, in the 5 to 8 months can be. However, in order to insurance purposes, or should be playing on time. If too much time on the deviation of the results can not be ascertained, the blind do not need to play up. In the third month after the end of the Zhenda check blood of hepatitis B surface antibody, in the absence of antibody concentration or have less than 10 international units, can be re-played.

◆ not have hepatitis B antibodies can not be pregnant right? A woman said her husband Huanyi Gan, all five of their negative hit consecutive three-pin in the security (for a hepatitis B vaccine), not search for blood antibodies, can you pregnant? A: All you show negative health, pregnancy can be, must not be pregnant antibodies. If you do not trust, can play a course of treatment, and then check antibody. There are about 10% of the people that do not produce antibodies to fight no matter how many times the dose did not play much, this is the gene.

◆ Heptodin resistance, when the dressing was changed so why should it take? A hepatitis B patients with calls that had been eating Heptodin, now resistance, doctors recommended dressing change, but I also insist on eating Heptodin three months, which is why? A: Yes, because of adefovir dipivoxil effect more slowly, so the dressing was changed before the Heptodin should eat at the same time the three-month Heptodin and adefovir dipivoxil, and then stopped Heptodin.

◆ surface-positive, the core-positive, normal liver function, and how this is going on? A: You have this situation that you are recovering, it is very gratifying. But there is 1% of the virus to hide or genetic mutation of the virus, the reagent can not find in general. But now there is a special reagent can be found out, blood can not fasting. In addition, the review recommended HBVDNA.

The burden of chronic hepatitis B patients was significantly higher than other types of liver disease

2008-12-23T22:24:00.000-08:00

"China's hepatitis epidemic and its related issues analysis," the survey's 18 provinces from 583 patients, with an annual income of 3000 yuan -20000 yuan accounted for 89.7 percent, of which 24% of the surveyed Those who borrow from the cost of hospital treatment. The average length of stay in patients with hepatitis in outpatient fees and expenses for a total of 17,988 yuan. To hepatitis B and hepatitis C mainly of chronic hepatitis, is the impact on the lives of our people and lead to the relevant economic, social progress of the problem of sexual diseases, especially Hepatitis B. Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis If 20,000,000 people per year in direct economic losses caused by about 360,000,000,000 yuan. The report also revealed that in viral hepatitis and related diseases, accounting for about half of the patients at their own expense

Hepatitis What are the symptoms of systemic

2008-12-23T22:20:00.000-08:00

1. Tired and weak Such symptoms are common in patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis of the common symptoms. The general level of liver disease and the severity of the line, and with hepatitis and gradually improved to reduce the extent of its uneven. Those who can not feel light work of the e-lasting fatigue, reduce productivity. Feeling of malaise are serious, heavy legs, slightly up body will feel weak and can not support the required bed rest. Fatigue occurred because of the weak: (1) of the liver cell damage Damage to liver cells, resulting in decreased blood cholinesterase, nerves and muscles caused by the combination of physiological disorders, so that the role of medium neurotransmitter acetylcholine release in a timely manner can not be destroyed, a long time the role of striated muscle, so that over-excited rhabdomyosarcoma and to Into the curb. (2) sugar metabolism Hepatitis in the process of sugar metabolism disorders, liver glycogen to lactic acid into the slow process to make lactic acid accumulation in muscle tissues. At the same time, glucose metabolism disorder, but also adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to generate the reduction in muscle energy shortage. (3) salt retention Liver illness, the effects of bile excretion. Bile salt retention in the body, and the bile salt cholinesterase inhibition. (4) the lack of Vitamin E When the liver is sick poor excretion of bile, bile in digestion and absorption of fat there are obstacles to affect the absorption of vitamin E in the body so that vitamin E decreased. Vitamin E has a body-conditioning system, organizations can reduce the oxygen consumption will help to strengthen the Organization of hypoxia tolerance. A lack of vitamin E, muscle oxygen consumption increased, leading to muscular dystrophy, symptoms appear weak. 2. Fever Liver disease is generally no fever, and fever were mainly observed in acute viral hepatitis. Early pre-jaundice and jaundice and fever have obvious symptoms, jaundice and reached the peak after the decline of fever, symptoms improved significantly. If the sharp onset of serious jaundice, fever continues to heat, often to poor prognosis, such as severe viral hepatitis (acute, subacute hepatic necrosis) may have a high fever. Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis patients with recurrent fever and for the following reasons: (1), liver necrosis; (2) bacterial infection of the biliary complications; (3) other parts of the body's infection complications; (4) ascites after the release of the infection. 3. Weight loss Weight loss to determine, in accordance with normal body weight. The reason is that the weight loss: reduce the incidence of post-diet, digestive dysfunction, the body protein, vitamins, fat, and other synthetic dysfunction, hyper metabolism, systemic consumption. Obviously, such as weight loss, chronic liver disease are seen in a long time, those with liver cirrhosis.

Kissing, a common meal, mosquito bites, and other insects do not spread hepatitis B

2008-12-23T22:19:00.000-08:00

General contact with infectious hepatitis B According to experts, hepatitis B virus is mainly spread through blood, a common meal, collective life, mosquito bites, such as daily life is not borne viruses, hepatitis B virus to the ordinary people fear the psychological harm far beyond reality. Some people think that hepatitis B virus will spread in our daily lives, their reasoning process: hepatitis B is an infectious disease, is infectious, it is bound to infectious; since the infectious, if the health of people and patients with hepatitis B Eating, living, working with the same work, with the study on hepatitis B infected sooner or later. This view is wrong. Over the years, countries around the world carried out by epidemiological studies have shown that hepatitis B virus is spread through blood, there is the main way of mother to child transmission, iatrogenic spread of sexually transmitted and so on. Epidemiological studies show that hepatitis B virus will not spread in the following ways: kiss (with the exception of oral mucosa damaged), a common meal, blood-sucking arthropods (mosquitoes, bugs, etc.) bites, collective life (with the exception of sharing a toothbrush, razor And so on can lead to skin and mucous membrane injury). Even if the virus into normal human digestive tract and the respiratory tract, which will be the body's skin and mucous membrane, juice and other non-specific immune system by blocking, rather than infection. As a result, colleagues, students and contacts between the general spread of hepatitis B virus, the possibility is almost zero, so people refuse to hepatitis B virus carriers kindergarten enrollment based on the lack of medicine.

China's rate of hepatitis B virus carrying nearly 10%

2008-12-23T22:16:00.000-08:00

According to the latest statistical figures show that the current global hepatitis B virus carriers has reached 350,000,000, of which 1.2 million people in China, bringing the rate of nearly 10%. Experts said that China's hepatitis B infection in the current situation is still grim. This is the recently held a reporter from the China Hepatitis Prevention Foundation, the second of the third meeting of the Council was informed of. It is reported that the world had been infected with hepatitis B virus, the number of 20 million, of which China accounted for 690,000,000; the world die each year from hepatitis B virus-induced diseases in patients with up to 750,000 people, China has 280,000 people. According to the Foundation for relevant person in charge, in 1992, the World Health Organization has been advocating all hepatitis B virus infection rate of more than 8 percent of the country in 1995 before the hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization program. China responded positively to the call, and announced that all of the January 1, 2002-born infants against hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. In the face of China's hepatitis B prevalence of severe situation, the Government's strong support for hepatitis B prevention and control planning, assistance to China Hepatitis Prevention Foundation to carry out poverty-stricken areas and remote areas of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B in the meeting, Han Dalian letter biological system Medicine Co., Ltd. also donated to the Foundation 600,000 "Hansenula Ryan," a new generation of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine has been made in the country through the new drug certificate and the State Food and Drug Administration GMP Certification

Taking excessive burden on the liver to increase liver drug

2008-12-23T22:15:00.000-08:00

Recently, the 2005 Shanghai liver health check on the activities of obligation ended. At the closing ceremony and the activities of the last keynote speech at the meeting of experts, Professor Qu Yao Long Hospital, Hongqiao Hospital, an associate professor Xu Xueqiang again by the large number of liver problems, "the siege." On the whole, we are extremely concerned about three major issues. One problem: hepatitis patients infected with hepatitis B will become the high-risk groups? Some of the recurrent stomach pains were even worried that will not be a precursor of stomach bleeding. Xu Xueqiang: hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus from a fundamental point of view is nothing to do with the two viruses, from the molecular formula and analysis of the organizational structure of the virus, which does not exist between the two types of the virus into each other. Under normal circumstances, an acute hepatitis A, can be completely cured. Of course, hepatitis patients before they have recovered in the low immunity, if not pay attention to health, is likely to repeat infected with the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B and patients are also infected with hepatitis A virus may overlap, but the overlap is no evidence that infection Each can become each other's reasons for the high-risk disease. The various types of hepatitis virus, known only to HDV parasitism is the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus strains of the Department of variants. Second problem: The most important rule is to reduce the hepatitis B GOT? Quyao: serum aminotransferase is an important indicator of liver function, so a lot of people very concerned about the transaminase indicators, the drop was happy the other hand are concerned about. This is a very one-sided. ALT is a cell of a catalyst, in liver cells in the highest levels in the blood levels are very low. When liver damage, liver transaminase from the cells will run out into the blood, blood tests can be reflected, but can only reflect the sensitivity of the liver is hurt and does not reflect the specific causes of injury, caused by liver cell injury There are many reasons, the virus is only one aspect. In the absence of further investigation, the simple use of the drug JiangMei possible to cover up the truth about the disease. Therefore, only the eyes gaze at the transaminase are destructive. Three problems: the more Yaochi liver, liver protection force, the stronger? Xu Xueqiang: no need to drug metabolism in the liver and degradation of the liver with too many drugs will only increase the burden on the liver, and sometimes even drug-induced hepatitis. Liver disease is the use of strict clinical indications for other people's drug use may not be suitable for you. Therefore we must closely coordinate and doctors, not any of the prescribed drugs are extremely dangerous.

Should I take the initiative to tell others that he is hepatitis B?

2008-12-23T22:12:00.000-08:00

Doctors: Hello! I am a student at the school. As the medical school when they find themselves infected with the hepatitis B virus, was very depressed. I do not know how to do, should take the initiative to tell others that he is a Hepatitis B. I know that other people Jipa discrimination after me, I am afraid to hepatitis B infection to others. Therefore, I become very lonely, introverted, afraid of contact and talk with other people. Please tell me that I should do? Thanks! Lamb Friends: Hello! In medical school, when you find yourself infected with the hepatitis B virus, but it is not just infection, but has long been infected. It could well be that you just from your birth parents when infected, but you just do not know. In that case, for so many years and you infection to a few people? There may be, there may be no one. This is because infectious hepatitis B is not strong, general contact with the hepatitis B is not spread to other people. It was investigated the infection rate among couples, so that the spouse Huanyi Gan, however 6% to 10%. But now the country has been advocating the kinds of students in Cape hepatitis B vaccine. As a result, this is not what is immoral. As long as no other students to use the glass and go, the most important thing is not to mix with teeth, it is necessary to cause the spread of HBV. In fact, these are very easy to do, it is common sense hygiene is not infected with hepatitis B, should do the same. If students know, we told them: "Do not be afraid, you have to play the vaccine will not be infected, I will pay attention to personal hygiene." Hepatitis B infection as long found a piece of skin ringworm, a foot Athlete's foot (athlete's foot) as ordinary. Paper ringworm and athlete's foot fungal infections are also a certain degree of infectious, but they do not mix with others or share Jiaopen underwear on the line, no one carried its own feet, or pointing to their stomachs to tell others about their longer Ringworm. I have seen in 2003's first 5 "readers" in an article said that a man learning to dance, and the first woman to dance, for fear that the step on other people's feet, always bow to look at the dancing feet . At this time, she told him that if you always look at the legs, other people will pay attention to your feet, you will note that not dance; If you looked up, smiled, dancing, other people will only pay attention to your To be responsible, can not see your feet, do not pay attention to how you jump. The men listened to the President, do not pay attention to his feet, he really jumped on it very easily, a very good. Since then, the men realize a truth, you know their weaknesses, wanted to correct the way, if this is not to correct the shortcomings, you forget it, do not pay attention to it, and do other things, you have to play Strengths. In this way, others will not necessarily pay attention to it. I do not know the story of whether or not you have to help.

Hepatitis B can not marry his girlfriend in the end?

2008-12-23T22:09:00.000-08:00

In the past, there are a pair of young rural youth, in the first three days of marriage to Wang Dongfeng, director of Guangzhou's Changan hospital pre-marital medical examination, the woman found the results of hepatitis B Dasan Yang, the man no problem. Cried the girl on the spot, crying good heart, the man's parents did not agree that his son marry the girl, stopped for marriage. Dr. Wang Zhuren although at that time to the boys and their families to do the work of thinking, this is the treatment of hepatitis B Dasan Yang, and does not affect the fertility of marriage, but the man on the deep-rooted fear of hepatitis B and eventually into marriage or not . Although the girls finally cured the disease, but there is the psychological shadow for a long time he could not allay. This case shows that many people now have a fear of hepatitis B, together with the community on a number of inappropriate publicity, a lot of people even afraid of contact with the hepatitis B patients, let alone make friends, get married, and so on. In that case, what the correct treatment of hepatitis B patients, especially the boys how to treat your girlfriend does hepatitis B? From the talk about the following aspects: First, the prevalence of: China currently has hepatitis B and hepatitis B carriers as many as 120,000,000, of which women have about 4 to 5 million. If so many girls can not make friends, marriage, fertility, China has also increased the number of bachelor. Second, hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus carriers distinction: The community because many people confuse these two concepts, as long as that found HBSAG () Hepatitis B is. In fact, they have a lot of difference, the real is the clinical symptoms of hepatitis B, liver function abnormalities repeatedly about half a year, while non-uniform B super-spot, positive markers of hepatitis B or hepatitis B mutant positive patients, no clinical hepatitis B carriers Symptoms only B-positive markers, liver function and normal B extra fine for more than six months to 1 year, for many years does not attack. Third, how infectious hepatitis B girlfriend? Depends on the size of his girlfriend's infectious viral replication case may be, at the same time look at the size of the man's resistance. If the man is immune antibody HB-SAB (), will not be infected. Immune antibody negative by injection for the prevention of hepatitis B vaccine. Fourth, his girlfriend of Hepatitis B will be transmitted to family members, colleagues and friends? Will not. Hepatitis B is transmitted diseases of digestive tract instead of the spread of respiratory tract disease, that is to say, for hepatitis B is transmitted through body fluids. The so-called bodily fluids, including the importation of blood containing the hepatitis B virus, the use of dirty syringes, dental extraction equipment used by the hepatitis B virus there, and so on. Only hepatitis B virus into the blood, will be transmitted. If a patient with hepatitis B face-to-face talk with the bacteria attached to the saliva of normal people are physically damaged, but also into the blood, normally have a talent may be on hepatitis B infection. Under normal circumstances, the words will not cause food-borne hepatitis. Fifth, hepatitis B and whether to marry his girlfriend? From the medical point of view, not as long as his girlfriend in the incidence of hepatitis or have not been diagnosed with liver cirrhosis can be married my girlfriend only if the health of people living with hepatitis B, can get married. As an example of the front speakers, breaking up or why, on the other side from the need to find a reason. Sixth, hepatitis B and his girlfriend to marry, whether to pregnancy? If the girlfriend of acute hepatitis B and cure the basic stability of the more than six months, chronic hepatitis and up to improve standards of stability for more than 1 year, to be pregnant. Seven, B's wife, children, the virus will be passed on to my children? At present, the prevention of hepatitis B is more comprehensive and successful as long as a doctor in the liver, under the guidance of prevention, that is, pregnant women and newborns to implement the "three block" --- in the newborn was born within 24 hours of injection timely and efficient price B Liver immune globulin, followed by the 2, 3, 5, were re-injection of hepatitis B vaccine can effectively prevent the infection of hepatitis B virus, a success rate of 95%, that is, there are more than 95% of the newborns will not be infected with B Liver. In short, hepatitis B patients need to understand people, to support his girlfriend B need to redouble her care.

Why chronic hepatitis B is a "chronic"

2008-12-23T21:52:00.000-08:00

At present, the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is a worldwide problem. Many patients with chronic hepatitis B, the use of multi-drug treatment, but the effect is not clear that the overall incidence of the disease recurring. Have become chronic hepatitis B, and the structure of the hepatitis B virus infection means immune characteristics and other factors are closely related. First of all, people infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus in the blood have a hard protein shell. As a result, the treatment of hepatitis B drug is difficult to have a direct effect on the virus and must rely on the body's immune function. Second, the hepatitis B virus replication in liver cells for the treatment of small molecule drugs to be material to enter the liver cells play an antiviral effect. Hepatitis B virus in human liver tissues other than the average incubation period of 90-120 days, the anti-viral drugs to be useful, must be given the necessary treatment, the treatment system. Third, the hepatitis B virus in some drugs, the virus gene mutation occurs, the resistance or immune evasion. Thus in the choice of drugs should be careful. Fourth, the hepatitis B virus infection after liver cells, with the extension of the course, the virus may be related to liver cells have a gene integration. In the event of such a phenomenon, the treatment will significantly increase the degree of difficulty. As a result, the treatment of hepatitis B must be timely. In addition, the vertical transmission of hepatitis B vulnerable to the formation of immune tolerance. Infected with hepatitis B virus infection in the mother of the fetus through the placenta, the birth of a child, because of inadequate development of the immune system, immune function is not complete, can not identify the hepatitis B virus, resulting in hepatitis B virus infection. Moreover, the hepatitis B virus replication of the model is different from the virus, the virus will replicate the original template, such as the formation and stability of the liver and stored in the cell nucleus, the general anti-viral drugs on the template invalid, after the drug in patients with hepatitis B The disease often occur repeatedly.

Return to the route of transmission of hepatitis B

2008-12-23T21:44:00.000-08:00

◆ mother to child transmission. It is China's hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause. Suffering from acute hepatitis B and HBsAg carrying mothers may be of Hepatitis B transmission to the newborn. This is the essence of blood-borne transmission. ◆ way to spread menstrual blood. Including the hepatitis B virus with the importation of blood and blood products, unclean injection, surgery, tooth extraction, tattoos, acupuncture, pierced ears, endoscopy and medical personnel, such as stab wounds to the accident. Now as a result of increased screening of blood donors, blood transfusion caused by the spread of hepatitis B have been few. However, a small number of HBVDNA positive, and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative blood may still undetected. So, by way of blood spread of hepatitis B has not totally eradicated. ◆ iatrogenic spread. Mainly due to strict disinfection without the use of non-disposable syringes, caused by endoscopy. Therefore, efforts should be made to implement a one-time medical equipment. Now the country is on the endoscope disinfection more stringent disinfection norms, which can greatly reduce the spread of iatrogenic. ◆ sexually transmitted. The spread of HBsAg-positive rate of 5.44 percent, and social life in general contact the HBsAg positive rate of only 0.68 percent. Therefore, in the family, HBsAg-positive spouse than the other family members more vulnerable to hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B is caused by sexual transmission of important reasons. ◆ daily lives of ordinary contact. This mainly refers to the exchange of body fluids have access to life, such as sharing razors, toothbrushes, and other health supplies. Therefore, the spread among family members see more. In addition, approximately 40% of those chronically infected with the virus in saliva, so saliva can also cause the spread. However, the sharing of office supplies, money exchange, the dining public, and so on, generally will not cause the spread.

690,000,000 people have been infected with hepatitis B virus?

2008-12-23T21:40:00.000-08:00

There are 690,000,000 people are infected with hepatitis B virus, and many readers call the Yangzi Evening News asked whether this meant that more than half of our people are suffering from Hepatitis B? Yesterday, this reporter interviewed the experts in the treatment of hepatitis B, the second in Nanjing Zhao Wei, vice president of the hospital. Zhao Wei told reporters that hepatitis B virus-infected people is divided into three types. The first one is hidden infection, hepatitis B virus infection in the only body within the "tourist" of the trip, followed by the body's immune system to clear, eliminated from the body directly from the intestine and was not infected with any pathological reactions in the body There is no residual virus, the health of people is no different. The second is that people living with HIV, hepatitis B virus infection in the body of such long-term "stay" down and start breeding a lot, but the infected person does not have any symptoms of the virus and the body of "peaceful coexistence." The third is that patients with hepatitis B, after a long carry, "peaceful coexistence" state is broken and the beginning of hepatitis B virus attacks the human body liver, leading to a series of digestive tract infection symptoms to appear. Hepatitis B virus in China's total population of the high infection rate is about 57.6 percent, calculated as China's 6.9 billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus, but the vast majority of the first type of hidden-infected people, the real People living with about 1.2 million, while the number of patients are relatively fewer. The news does not make clear that the "infection" and "infected" the difference between easily lead to misunderstanding. Zhao also said that from a medical point of view, the hepatitis B virus infection rate high in fact quite normal, because we live in an environment everywhere is full of a wide range of viruses and bacteria, the body may be in the moment they are infected However, because of our strong immunity, the majority of the invading virus, bacteria have been removed. When the decline in immunity, these bacteria may be based on the virus to take root and eventually against our bodies. Not to hepatitis B, the most effective way or vaccination. Hepatitis B virus carriers should be regular check-ups at the hospital, close observation of changes in the body.

Family history key in breast cancer risk

2008-12-23T21:27:00.000-08:00

Women with a family history of breast cancer but who test negative for two genetic mutations commonly linked to it still have a very high risk of developing the disease, Canadian researchers said on Monday.
These women are four times more likely to develop breast cancer than the average woman, translating to roughly a 40 percent lifetime risk of getting the disease, according to researchers led by Dr Steven Narod of the University of Toronto.
"I think we were surprised that it was that high. But certainly at that level of risk, one would think about preventive measures," said Narod, who presented the findings at a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Those measures may include magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, exams of the breast, considered a more sensitive screening test for breast tumors than a mammogram, Narod said. The women also may want to consider the drug tamoxifen as a preventive measure, Narod said.
The study tracked 1,492 Canadian women with an average age of 48 who did not have mutations in either of two breast cancer susceptibility genes - BRCA1 and BRCA2.
The women came from families with a history of breast cancer - either two or more cases of breast cancer among close relatives under age 50 or at least three cases among close relatives of any age. .
After five years, those women had a fourfold higher risk than average women of developing breast cancer.
“This is contrary to what I think the common perception is,” Georgetown University genetics counselor Beth Peshkin said. “Unless a mutation is identified in the family, a negative test result doesn’t provide reassurance.

Smoking and Cancer

2008-12-23T21:23:00.000-08:00

Smoking is harmful to the health of people . It not oilly pollutes air，bringsabout sufferings of other people such as children and nonsmokers，but also causes diseases ofbronchitis，lung cancer，chest cancer and throat catcer．Smoking is associated with cancers．Smoke is a mixture of gases，vaporized chemicals，minlute particles of ash，and other solids．There are also tar and nicotine，which arepowerful poisons．As the smoke is breathed in，all these components from deposits themembranes of the lungs．One point Of concentration where air tube，or bronchus divides．Most lung Cancer begins at this point．World governments should conduct Seriou campaigns against smoking．First，legislative step must be introduced．Second，restrictions on cigarette advertisements must be imposed．Third，public smoking in certain places such as theatres，cinemas，waiting roms at airportsand railway stations should be banned．In this way，we may make the smokers feel increasinglyuncomfortable about their bad habits．finally，cigarette price should be booste

Cancer of the Uterus

2008-12-23T21:21:00.000-08:00

What is the uterus?The uterus (womb) is in the lower abdomen behind the bladder. The inside of the uterus is where a baby grows if you become pregnant. The inside lining of the uterus is called the endometrium. This builds up and is then is shed each month as a 'period' in women who have not yet gone through the menopause. The thick body of the uterus is called the myometrium and is made of specialised muscle tissue.The lowest part of the uterus is called the cervix which pushes just into the top part of the vagina. At the top of the uterus are the right and left fallopian tubes which carry the eggs released from the ovaries to the inside of the uterus.What is cancer?Cancer is a disease of the cells in the body. The body is made up from millions of tiny cells. There are many different types of cell in the body, and there are many different types of cancer which arise from different types of cell. What all types of cancer have in common is that the cancer cells are abnormal and multiply 'out of control'.A malignant tumour is a 'lump' or 'growth' of tissue made up from cancer cells which continue to multiply. Malignant tumours invade into nearby tissues and organs which can cause damage.Malignant tumours may also spread to other parts of the body. This happens if some cells break off from the first (primary) tumour and are carried in the bloodstream or lymph channels to other parts of the body. These small groups of cells may then multiply to form 'secondary' tumours (metastases) in one or more parts of the body. These secondary tumours may then grow, invade and damage nearby tissues, and spread again.Some cancers are more serious than others, some are more easily treated than others (particularly if diagnosed at an early stage), some have a better outlook (prognosis) than others.So, cancer is not just one condition. In each case it is important to know exactly what type of cancer has developed, how large it has become, and whether it has spread. This will enable you to get reliable information on treatment options and outlook. See separate leaflet called 'What are Cancer and Tumours' for further details about cancer in general.What is cancer of the uterus?Most cancers of the uterus develop from cells in the endometrium (endometrial cancer). Cancer developing from muscle cells in the myometrium (uterine sarcomas) are rare and are not dealt with further in this leaflet. Cancer of the cervix is quite different to uterine cancer and is dealt with in a separate leaflet.The rest of this leaflet deals only with endometrial cancer of the uterus.Endometrial cancerAbout 5000 women in the UK develop endometrial cancer each year. Most cases develop in women in their 50s and 60s. It rarely develops in women under the age of 50.Type and grade of endometrial cancerMost cases of endometrial cancer are called 'endometrioid adenocarcinomas'. These arise from cells which form the glandular tissue in the lining of the endometrium. A sample of cancer tissue can be looked at under the microscope. By looking at certain features of the cells the cancer can be 'graded'.Grade 1 (low grade) - the cells look reasonably similar to normal endometrial cells. The cancer cells are said to be 'well differentiated'. The cancer cells tend to grow and multiply quite slowly and are not so 'aggressive'. Grade 2 - is a middle grade. Grade 3 - the cells look very abnormal and are said to be 'poorly differentiated'. The cancer cells tend to grow and multiply quite quickly and are more 'aggressive'. There are also some rarer types of endometrial cancer.What causes endometrial cancer?A cancerous tumour starts from one abnormal cell. The exact reason why a cell becomes cancerous is unclear. It is thought that something damages or alters certain genes in the cell. This makes the cell abnormal and multiply 'out of control'. (See separate leaflet called 'What Causes Cancer' for more details.)There are 'risk factors' which are known to increase the risk of endometrial cancer developing. These include the following.Increased exposure to oestrogen. Oestrogen is the main female hormone. Before the menopause the changing level of oestrogen together with another hormone, progesterone, cause the endometrium to build up each month and then be shed as a period. It is thought that factors which lead to prolonged higher than usual levels of oestrogen, or increased levels of oestrogen not being 'balanced' by progesterone, may somehow increase the risk of endometrial cells becoming cancerous. These include: If you have never had a baby (your uterus has never had a 'rest' from the cyclical rise of oestrogen every month). If you are overweight or obese (fat cells make a certain amount of oestrogen). If you take oestrogen-only HRT (hormone replacement therapy). Most women take 'combined HRT' which includes progestogen to balance the effect of oestrogen and causes much less of a risk of endometrial cancer than oestrogen-only HRT. If you have certain rare oestrogen producing tumours. If you have a late menopause (after the age of 52) or started periods at a young age. Endometrial hyperplasia. This is a benign (non cancerous) condition where the endometrium builds up more than usual. It can cause heavy periods, or irregular bleeding after the menopause. Most women with this condition do not develop cancer, but the risk is slightly increased. Tamoxifen. This is a drug which is used in the treatment of breast cancer. Although taking tamoxifen increases the risk of developing endometrial cancer, the benefits of taking it usually outweigh the risks. Diabetes and high blood pressure. The small increased risk with these two conditions may be related to the fact that many people with these conditions are overweight, and as mentioned, this increases the risk. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Possibly increases the risk. Again, the small increased risk may be related to the fact that many people with this condition are overweight. Diet. There are much fewer cases of endometrial cancer in certain eastern countries and dietary factors may be the reason. A western diet high in fat may be a contributing factor. Genetic factors. Most cases are not due to genetic or hereditary factors. In a small number of cases, a 'faulty' gene which can be inherited may trigger the disease. What are the symptoms of endometrial cancer?In most cases the first symptom to develop is abnormal vaginal bleeding such as:Vaginal bleeding in women past the menopause. This can range from 'spotting' to more heavy bleeds. Bleeding after having sex (post coital bleeding). Bleeding between normal periods (intermenstrual bleeding) in women who have not gone through the menopause. An early symptom in some cases is pain during or after having sex, vaginal discharge, and pain in the lower abdomen.All of the above symptoms can be caused by various other common conditions. But if you develop any of these symptoms, you should have it checked out by a doctor.In time, if the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, various other symptoms can develop.How is endometrial cancer diagnosed and assessed?To confirm the diagnosisA doctor will usually do a vaginal examination if you have symptoms which may possibly be due to endometrial cancer. He or she may feel an enlarged uterus. However, even if the examination is normal, if endometrial cancer is suspected you will usually need to have a further test to confirm the diagnosis, usually one of the following:Endometrial sampling. This is where a thin tube is passed into the uterus. By using gentle suction, small samples of the endometrium can often be obtained. This can be done without an anaesthetic. The sample (biopsy) is looked at under the microscope to check for abnormal cancerous cells. Hysteroscopy. This is where a doctor uses a hysteroscope which is a thin telescope that is pushed through the cervix into the uterus. The doctor can see the lining of the uterus and take samples (biopsies) of abnormal looking areas. This can be done without an anaesthetic. D and C (dilation and curettage). This test is done less commonly thesedays. It involves the cervix being dilated (widened), and then an instrument called a curette is inserted into the uterus to scrape samples of tissue from the endometrium to be looked at under the microscope. You need a general anaesthetic for a D and C. You may also have an ultrasound scan of the uterus. An ultrasound scan is a safe and painless test which uses sound waves to create images of organs and structures inside your body. The probe of the scanner may be placed on your abdomen to scan the uterus. A small probe is also commonly placed inside the vagina to scan the uterus from this angle.Assessing the extent and spreadIf endometrial cancer is confirmed then further tests may be advised to assess if the cancer has spread. For example, a CT scan, an MRI scan, a chest x-ray, blood tests, an examination under anaesthetic of the uterus, bladder or rectum, or other tests. (There are separate leaflets which describe most of these tests in more detail.) This assessment is called 'staging' of the cancer. The aim of staging is to find out:How much the tumour has grown, and whether it has grown to other nearby structures such as the cervix, bladder or rectum. Whether the cancer has spread to local lymph glands (nodes). Whether the cancer has spread to other areas of the body (metastasised). Finding out the stage of the cancer helps doctors to advise on the best treatment options. It also gives a reasonable indication of outlook (prognosis). See separate leaflet called 'Cancer Staging and Grading' for details.
What are the treatment options for endometrial cancer?Surgery and/or radiotherapy are the main treatments used for endometrial cancer. Hormone treatment or chemotherapy are also used in some circumstances. The treatment advised for each case depends on various factors such as the stage of the cancer (how large the cancer is and whether it has spread), and your general health.You should have a full discussion with a specialist who knows your case. They will be able to give the pros and cons, likely success rate, possible side-effects, and other details about the various possible treatment options for your type of cancer. You should also discuss with your specialist the aims of treatment. For example:In some cases, treatment aims to cure the cancer. In most cases of endometrial cancer the condition is diagnosed at an early stage. There is a good chance of a cure if it is treated in the early stages. (Doctors tend to use the word 'remission' rather than the word 'cured'. Remission means there is no evidence of cancer following treatment. If you are 'in remission', you may be cured. However, in some cases a cancer returns months or years later. This is why doctors are sometimes reluctant to use the word cured.) In some cases, treatment aims to control the cancer. If a cure is not realistic, with treatment it is often possible to limit the growth or spread of the cancer so that it progresses less rapidly. This may keep you free of symptoms for some time. In some cases, treatment aims to ease symptoms. For example, if a cancer is advanced then you may require treatments such as painkillers or other treatments to help keep you free of pain or other symptoms. Some treatments may be used to reduce the size of a cancer which may ease symptoms such as pain. SurgeryAn operation to remove the uterus (hysterectomy) and ovaries is a common treatment. If the cancer is at an early stage and has not spread, then surgery alone can be curative. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, surgery may still be advised, often in addition to other treatments. Even if the cancer is advanced and a cure is not possible, some surgical techniques may still have a place to ease symptoms. For example, to relieve a blockage of the bowel or urinary tract which has been caused by the spread of the cancer.RadiotherapyRadiotherapy is a treatment which uses high energy beams of radiation which are focussed on cancerous tissue. This kills cancer cells, or stops cancer cells from multiplying. (There is a separate leaflet which gives more details about radiotherapy.) Radiotherapy alone can be curative for early stage endometrial cancer and may be an alternative to surgery. In some cases radiotherapy may be advised in addition to surgery.Even if the cancer is advanced and a cure is not possible, radiotherapy may still have a place to ease symptoms. For example, radiotherapy may be used to shrink secondary tumours which have developed in other parts of the body and are causing pain.Hormone treatmentsNormal cells in the endometrium are responsive to the female hormones oestrogen and progesterone. In some cases of endometrial cancer, taking progesterone slows down the growth of the cancer cells. This treatment is considered more often in cases where the cancer has spread from the uterus to other parts of the body.ChemotherapyChemotherapy is a treatment of cancer by using anti-cancer drugs which kill cancer cells, or stop them from multiplying. See separate leaflet called chemotherapy for more details. Chemotherapy is not a standard treatment for endometrial cancer but may be given in certain situations (usually in addition to radiotherapy or surgery).What is the prognosis (outlook)?There is a good chance of a cure if endometrial cancer is diagnosed and treated when the disease is at an early stage (confined to the uterus and has not spread). Many cases are diagnosed at an early stage because abnormal vaginal bleeding often develops at an early stage of the disease and alerts women (and their doctors) to the possibility of cancer. For women who are diagnosed when the cancer has already spread, a cure is less likely but still possible. Even if a cure is not possible, treatment can often slow down the progression of the cancer.The treatment of cancer is a developing area of medicine. New treatments continue to be developed and the information on outlook above is very general. The specialist who knows your case can give more accurate information about your particular outlook, and how well your type and stage of cancer is likely to respond to treatment.

World Aids Day

2008-12-23T21:20:00.001-08:00

According to UNAIDS estimates there were 38.6 million adults and 3.2 million children living with HIV at the end of 2002, and during the year 5 million new people became infected with the virus. Around half of all people who become infected with HIV do so before they are 25 and are killed by AIDS before they are 35. 95% of the total number of people with HIV live in the developing world. But HIV still remains a threat to people of all ages and nationalities.Stigma and Discrimination is the theme of the 2003 World AIDS day. In many parts of the world, discrimination prevents people who are known to have HIV from securing a job or caring for their families. Discrimination can cause isolation and marginalizes people who have HIV and AIDS. This can prevent people from being offered or seeking the treatment which could save their lives.In order for HIV to be effectively tackled on an international level, efforts need to be made toEnd the discrimination against people with HIV and AIDS. Educate people in safer sex and drug use, using appropriate media. Provide condoms freely to people in the developing world. Provide financial and medical assistance so that people with HIV and AIDS can be treated.Started in 1988, World AIDS Day is not just about raising money, but also about raising awareness, education and fighting prejudice. World AIDS Day is also important in reminding people that HIV has not gone away, and that there are many things still to be done.Themes for World Aids DayThe theme for world AIDS day 2003 is Stigma and Discrimination. Each year there is a particular theme chosen for World AIDS Day, and for the last fourteen years the themes have been as follows:2004 Women and AIDS 2003 Stigma and Discrimination 2002 Stigma and Discrimination 2001 I care. Do you? 2000 AIDS : Men make a difference 1999 Listen, Learn, Live: World AIDS Campaign with Children and Young People 1998 Force For Change: World AIDS Campaign With Young People 1997 Children Living in a World with AIDS 1996 One World, One Hope 1995 Shared Rights, Shared Responsibilities 1994 AIDS and the Family 1993 Time to Act 1992 Community Commitment 1991 Sharing the Challenge 1990 Women & AIDS 1989 Youth 1988 CommunicationThe Red RibbonThe Red Ribbon is an international symbol of AIDS awareness that is worn by people all year round and particularly around world AIDS day to demonstrate care and concern about HIV and AIDS, and to remind others of the need for their support and commitment.The red ribbon started as a "grass roots" effort, and as a result there is no official red ribbon, and many people make their own. To make your own ribbons, get some ordinary red ribbon, about 1.5 cms wide and cut it into strips about 15 cms long. Then fold at the top into an inverted "V" shape and put a safety pin through the centre which you use to attach the ribbon to your clothing.

The Eight Extra Meridians

2008-12-23T21:19:00.002-08:00

The Eight Extra Meridians are the Governor Vessel, Conception Vessel, Thoroughfare Vessel, Belt Vessel, Yin Link Vessel, Yang Link Vessel, Yin Heel Vessel, Yang Heel Vessel. Unlike the Twelve Regular Meridians, none of them pertain to the Zang-Fu organs. And they are not exteriorly-interiorly related. Their courses are unique, and hence, they are called extra meridians. The Eight Extra Meridians are distributed among the Twelve Regular Meridians. They contain two main functions(1) They can strengthen the relationships among the Twelve Regular Meridians. The Eight Extra Meridians communicate with the other meridians which have the related aspects and the similar functions. They assume the responsibility to control, store the Qi and blood of each meridian and regulate Yin and Yang. (2) The Eight Extra meridians can regulate the Qi and blood of the regular meridians, when the Qi and blood of Zang-Fu organs are vigorous, the Eight Extra Meridian can store them; while the body needs them for its activity, they can be supplied by The Eight Extra Meridians.Acupoints of the Thoroughfare, Belt, Heel and Link Vessels pertain to the Twelve Regular Meridians and the Conception and Governor Vessels. The Conception and the Governor Vessels which have their own acupoints together with the Twelve Regular Meridians are called "the Fourteen Meridians". The Fourteen Meridians contain the regular courses, symptoms and their own acupoints, they are main parts of the system of the meridians. They are basic factors for acupuncture treatment and classification of medicinals according to the meridians on which their therapeutic action is manifested.

Eating chocolate may be healthy

2008-12-23T21:19:00.001-08:00

Eating chocolate may be healthy, but it seems that the only kind that will benefit your heart, is if it?ˉs the dark kind, a new study has found
The study was conducted by a team of researchers led by Joe Vinson, a chemistry professor at the University of Scranton.
The researchers conducted a series of four experiments. They first calculated the antioxidant content of various chocolate products, including dark chocolate, milk chocolate, chocolate milk made with two different types of chocolate syrup and dry hot cocoa mixes.
They found that though dark chocolate is so healthy that it can help reduce the risk of heart disease, white chocolate, on the other hand, provides very little health benefits.
Coffee, tea and chocolate all contain polyphenolic compounds that neutralize the damaging effects of oxygen on cells by playing a protective role against free radicals, which are molecules with unpaired electrons, and which have been linked to diseases from cancer to bad cholesterol.
The researchers noted that the darkest chocolates bind with LDL?ˉs ?a i.e. the bad cholesterol ?a and prevent oxidation, which is linked to heart disease.
In a series of blood cholesterol tests performed on Syrian golden hamsters before and after the rodents were fed "brownies" made with rodent chow, Hershey?ˉs cocoa powder, water and coconut oil, the team found that elevated cholesterol levels decreased by 36 percent.
"One cup of black tea is equivalent to one dark chocolate bar for antioxidant content," Discovery News quoted lead author Joe Vinson, as saying.
"What's interesting in this new study is that the most benefit was seen in the group that consumed the dark chocolate," said Catherine Neto, an associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth.
The study is published in a recent Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Meridian

2008-12-23T21:18:00.000-08:00

The mainly refer to the paths of main trunks which run up and down, interiorly and exteriorly within the body.The meridians include the Twelve Regular Meridians,the Eight Extra Meridians and those subordinate to the Twelve Regular Meridians,the Twelve Divergent Meridians,the Twelve Muscle Regions and the Twelve Cutaneous Regions.

Selection of the ear weight loss methods

2008-12-22T23:51:00.001-08:00

Ear, though small, are brought together meridians of the body, the so-called "organs, the network has 12 channels in those ears." Ear of the basic acupuncture points, 49, a basic sketch of multi-Ear to the human body organs or parts directly named. In the theory of Chinese medicine, endocrinology and obesity, Heart disease, it is to make more use of endocrine Selection ear, the door of God, the main point of spleen, with other acupuncture points. For hyperhidrosis asthma, lung plus points; nervous palpitations, heart plus points; easy to eat more hunger, the stomach hole increases; lower limb swelling, plus Sanjiao points; constipation, increased intestinal points; a negative urine, plus the urethra, and other points. Every time a choice of the general main point, 1-2 distribution point, leaving needle exchange another 5-7 days, the main group with 2 points, 1-month course of treatment for one. At the same time, for many ears with acupuncture points. Point is also a single turn of each ear. Retention as a result of a patient ear to bring a lot of trouble, and there is the possibility of infection, is the use of point hole in the detention Wang did not stay on line drug tablets (for vegetable seed Michael Blue, about the diameter of 1.5 mm particles), Tablets of the drug has the function of the blood-through. Wang detention without leaving any acts of non-puncture Selection and effective, even in patients with head can be set to replace acupuncture points to facilitate easy.

New weight loss surgery: gastric put cystic

2008-12-22T23:50:00.001-08:00

Obese people, determined to lose weight, as well as the white-collar women, "Ball" in the hope that there is. This morning, reporters from being held at the International endoscopic treatment demonstration was informed that the city will be gradually carried out by endoscopy in the stomach bladders installed, to create a sense of fullness of technology to help lose weight. This method of weight loss is not only less trauma, pain-free, and at any time as needed to control the size of the food. Are two ways you bound by the stomach This morning, the National Institute of Digestive Endoscopy Unit, director of surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, director of the Center ENDOSCOPIC Professor Yao Liqing said that although the cause of obesity due to endocrine, emotional stress, such as genetic factors, but mostly there will be obese appetite hyperthyroidism, The control of food intake is an effective means to contribute to weight loss. ■ tied "with waistband" Endoscopic help weight loss, there are two main ways. The first method is to put on the stomach, "with waistband." Laparoscopy through the two holes to play in the abdomen, a hole from water bag into the final round of the whole integrity of the stomach around the circle, with the "waist" of the stomach can not accommodate excessive food, especially for the more than 100 kg Super-obese people, is good news. Weight loss also can control the size of the bladders to lift the ban or strictly control the appetite. "Waistband with the" water bag and abdominal subcutaneous implantation of a small pump connected to the pump in more water, more stomach contraction few more snacks, some of the water out, the patient can eat more points. This new technology will be today, Changhai Hospital experts at the scene of the demonstration. ■ into "little eggs" The fly in the ointment is that "with waistband" approach will leave two small abdominal wounds, particularly on the beauty of women is kind of unfortunate. To this end, the Zhongshan Hospital will be introduced during the year, and up-to-date international clinical endoscopic technique to lose weight: gastric endoscopy, in the stomach cavity, the size of an egg into a water bag to make the stomach produce a sense of fullness, so that patients Will automatically reduce the 1 / 3 or even 1 / 2 of the food. This pain-free, there is no appearance of injury, not only for obese people, but also do not seem to meet some of the fat, and the slim hope that more women white-collar workers. According to the on-site meeting of experts of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, cystic such built-in method has been successful in one and a half years to a weight of 120 kilograms of patients was reduced to 80 kg. Yao Liqing said that in the past 20 years, with the digestion of laparoscopic and endoscopic surgical technology, the endoscope to a certain extent, have replaced some of the traditional surgical technique, "pervasive" reputation. Not only for a variety of endoscopic diagnosis, and has been applied to 10-15 percent of the surgical digestive diseases, including colon, stomach, esophagus, bile duct and pancreatic duct, colon, and other organs, and through the stomach surgery to lose weight is to help today's international The medical profession's latest trends. ■ News of the new context of weight loss surgery ● United States: implanted "gastric band" The United States for the launch of obese patients, "adjustable gastric bandage system" through the keyhole surgery implants in the body, sets in the top of the stomach, and then into salt water so that it inflated to form a pouch to limit food intake. Gastric band can always stay in the body. Lose weight in the new 299 patients showed that patients in 3 years removed from the average body weight by 36%, 2% of the patients gained weight, 5% to maintain the same weight. Nearly 90% of the patients the side effects such as nausea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, stomach or fall with the expansion of Wei Dai, and so on. ● Maradona: Gastric Bypass Bloated body of the former "number one" Maradona is used in gastric bypass surgery to lose weight. Gastric bypass surgery is the main remote part of the stomach removed in order to reduce stomach volume, and then to mini-gastric anastomosis. In addition to this Weinang volume reduction surgery, eating restrictions, the bypass itself help to lose weight. A member of the medical team announced that in accordance with the plan, the number dropped to 121 kg weight from 75 kg.

Easily thin legs

2008-12-22T23:49:00.001-08:00

Shenla through the calf muscle, so tubby calf muscle to the long leg attached to the small, the movement to insist on at least half a year. 1. Step on the threshold of the heel, heel after the forced Shen, stepped up his legs, hip, knee straight. Heel plus or minus 4 times to stay 10-15 seconds after the practice can be repeated. 2. Fu hands back on the sofa, right heel forced down until close to the ground, bending his left leg to bow line, the contraction of the buttocks forward-top, vertical back, the shoulders are released. 3. Zuo Shafa, the legislation back straight, legs, feet close together and knees straight down the pressure, forced upward hook legs, hands and try to cling to toe. 4. Zuo Shafa, the left knee bent, grasp the left heel at the same time legislation spine straight, left knee straight up the extension. 5. T-feet was big step, from left to bring to heel after the crosstraining, freeclimber, breathing, a small left toe touching the knee right leg, left knee to open at the same time, so an extension of action.

Liposuction to lose weight for you to do it?

2008-12-22T23:48:00.001-08:00

Many women want to go to beauty liposuction to lose weight, weight loss liposuction on the body so there is no harm? Beijing Tongren Hospital Chang Chen-liang, director of the Center beauty of the view that liposuction is difficult to cut and polish a tall devil, the devil figure because there are standard measurements, the devil wants to build the existence of certain consumer expectations too high, it should not belong to the doctors to do Operation of one of the crowd. More importantly, the devil is not just tall and fat can be removed, with bone, muscle, skin and a series of related issues. He suggested that consumers carefully choose liposuction surgery, general surgery and because of different liposuction are two risks: the risks and effectiveness of health risks. ■ liposuction surgery Twelve big risk Dr. Chen said that any surgery has risks. At present, there is the risk of liposuction surgery: liposuction in the process of vascular injury, fat into the blood vessel was brought into the heart, causing blood clots, pulmonary embolism, so that consumers respiratory distress syndrome occurred; anesthesia overdose caused consumers to breathe Arrest; liposuction as a result of excessive, excessive bleeding, leading to blood circulation failure. In addition, as a result of complications arising from liposuction are: Postoperative infection: the formal operation of such hospitals in the infection rate of about 2% to 5%, mainly depends on the conditions of sterile hospitals, doctors operate, the patient's physical condition, postoperative recovery, whether it is reasonable to prevent Application of factors, such as antibiotics. District flap necrosis after surgery: If surgery subcutaneous fat aspiration too much damage to the skin's blood circulation, skin blisters that may arise and even necrosis, postoperative scar left over, the appearance of influence, at this point, the doctors the skill level is very important . Delayed wound healing: a few millimeters in general liposuction wound healing easier, but if the heavy damage, infection, fluid and other factors, may be delayed healing, healing after a small scar left more obvious. District surgery after feeling numbness and unusual: after liposuction, liposuction skin feel bound to be affected, appeared numb feeling of those rare and unusual sense of acupuncture, a sense of line, such as ants, after a general 1 to 3 months to gradually resume . Operation due to the formation of the district: the uniform Liposuction is not absolute, the district will have surgery after the formation of non-sense, the main point of this depends on the doctor's technology, the slightly uneven is inevitable that after wear elastic Shu Yi, the appropriate massage 1 to 3 months can be formed gradually, not severe as in the formation after three to six months after the restoration can not, it would take to renovate liposuction again. Liposuction grave site of asymmetry: This is the design and pre-operative surgery caused by improper operation. ■ six categories, such as liposuction surgery most likely to fail However, plastic surgery experts told the consumer will come into effect, the common failure of the six types of cosmetic surgery mainly in the nose, eyes, wrinkles, liposuction, breast surgery and chin. The easiest is to do bad eye, which is done once the most difficult to repair the bad plastic surgery. La Bala will lead to the failure of double-fold eye to eye failure can cause the next ectropion, and even sleep is not closed on the eyes, the wind tears eventually lead to conjunctivitis, or keratitis, a serious ulcers and even blindness. In our day-to-day conduct of the surgery, 50 percent for the rehabilitation of the eyes. This was followed by the nose, in a number of failures in the operation, crooked nose, the deformation of infection, and even away from the limitations of silicon, the world's most strange that Jackson's nose has been enough to draw a lesson. Breast is once again, the failure of the breast can cause breast on both sides of the plastic surgery asymmetries, made of hard breasts, side or both sides of the nipple at the disposal of the nerve injury, loss of nipple and the feeling of erectile function, the most serious cause of breast infection, in order to fester As for the final had to remove the entire breast. Liposuction surgery is currently conducting the most extensive surgery, is generally believed that liposuction surgery is relatively simple, safe and effective surgery, but even this kind of surgery, also made a few bad, and if so bad, it will lead to be The rugged part of the liposuction, such as "Ju Daogou" or "washboard board." The failure of the jaw surgery is easily lead to skew the chin, the prosthesis or move down. The wrinkles are a lot of complications, the surgery can cause failure of the eyebrows, mouth, eyes high-side of the low side, or in the hair inside the left is obvious scars, lead to hair loss, the worst result in injury to the facial nerve palsy. ■ six people would not be appropriate for liposuction surgery In addition to holding a photo-Star would like to make a certain size can not accept the consumer, there are six doctors out to be liposuction, they are children, heart disease, high blood pressure patients, patients with pulmonary heart disease, liver Patients and patients with kidney disease. Physical functional diseases of these patients, if accepted liposuction surgery, it is easy to have a very serious complications and even life-threatening. At the stage of growth and development of children, poor tolerance, the fragility of life, and some parents with its own pier Xiao Pan around to see a doctor, wanted their children a few days will be reduced to normal levels of body weight. Beijing Children's Hospital child nutrition expert Professor Ding Zongyi said that the diet of children is prohibited in principle, there are four: forbidden to drink tea to lose weight, Chijianfeiyao short-term quick weight loss; prohibited the use of hunger therapy; prohibited the implementation of liposuction surgery to lose weight; prohibited the use of qigong, such as physical Weight loss methods. Because the above-mentioned methods of weight loss is a serious obstacle for the growth and development of children. Dr. Chen Hailiang said that liposuction is a typical plastic surgery, life is not a beauty item, select indications, preoperative preparation, during and after the operation should be dealt with strictly, and therefore regular plastic surgery medical institutions And the highly trained, the objective of shaping the attitude of doctors for such surgery is the only correct choice, we must be careful, "Da Baopiao" doctor. This can also minimize the risks of liposuction and complications, and occasional complications to deal with the right to good effect to improve the body.

Should be careful to choose liposuction surgery

2008-12-22T23:47:00.001-08:00

In recent years, an increasing number of "man-made beauty" set off the emergence of the Chinese cosmetic plastic surgery craze, nose, eyes enlarged, such as breast augmentation plastic surgery is no longer novel, a lot more about their body shape dissatisfied chose liposuction Operation, direct "eradication" of fat. Experts advise choosing liposuction surgery must be cautious and must not arbitrary. SK Hospital Beijing Icahn Professor Han Ji Yang Yu of beauty to remind people that the best method of weight loss or exercise, balanced nutrition, and so on, liposuction surgery is the next worst. This is because liposuction surgery, there will be fat cells into the blood vessels, blocking the possibility of blood vessels, and deaths have occurred. In addition, liposuction surgery after surgery may be severe wounds, skin necrosis, skin wrinkles, and complications such as sepsis infection, the body can cause health damage. As a result, only more weight to the site, none of the above circumstances have made this suggestion to choose liposuction. And to carry out liposuction surgery must have a degree of liposuction. Xidiao the amount of fat should be limited, under normal circumstances, can not more than 2.5 kilograms. Because fat is the body's own immune system, liposuction too much harm to humans. Professor Jin Yangyu also reminded that before the liposuction surgery must be done thorough medical check-up, such as liver, lung, heart, and so on have to check, because the whole body health professionals can do the surgery. In addition, at the age of 60 years of age or older, the body is not mature are not suitable for young people to do liposuction surgery. The birth has been a middle-aged women, the effect of liposuction surgery will not be very ideal.

Liposuction often what issues

2008-12-22T23:46:00.001-08:00

Liposuction often the problem as follows: 1, subcutaneous bleeding form of skin ecchymosis, some local people have a longer period of skin pigment change; 2, liposuction area of skin feeling receded, usually subject to a few more months to a gradual improvement; 3, February-March period after liposuction have a common area edema, liposuction of lower extremity, ankle swelling and the slowest time; 4, hematoma formation. 5, part of the skin blood circulation obstacles, even necrosis; 6, wound infections and liposuction area; 7, liposuction rugged area of skin, it is difficult for a longer period of time subside; 8, the most serious and even fatal complications of fat embolism.

Liposuction to lose weight machines carefully trap

2008-12-22T23:45:00.000-08:00

Judy Shengguohaizi by the name of the President, Dunan has not been eliminated, to see so many ads liposuction to lose weight after contrast, she claimed to have a "brand new" liposuction surgery to lose weight equipment agencies have done a smoke Fat surgery. Although the surgery has not claimed that the ads as "no pain", but some secret anguish, but judy is not particularly care about that. Her difficult to accept that after liposuction, lost Du Nan, the belly can be wrinkled, very ugly, even through three months of wide-belt restraints and the results were not evident. Later, judy to the hospital looking for medical experts know that beauty home institutions do not give her the best ultrasound liposuction, but the negative pressure liposuction, stomach wrinkles Pison is the method of weight loss is difficult to avoid the side effects of the Performance. Guangzhou City People's Hospital, the first of plastic surgery medical director of the Center for the laser same way Wang, the current can be used to a lot of liposuction machines, a machine good ultrasonic liposuction is probably around 600,000 yuan, while the cheapest vacuum suction Fat machines can be purchased for 20,000 yuan. As a result, the price of liposuction will be different. Normal ultrasound liposuction cost will be around every part of 2500-3000 yuan or so. Ultrasound has a crush instead of fat and blood vessels and nerve damage, at the same time, ultrasound also has a role in skin tightening, liposuction on the loose fold of skin after the restoration of effective and, therefore, used in the past few years to lose weight area close To good effect. The negative pressure before the liposuction is not as great harm to the skin and gradually tightening is not regular use of hospitals and medical institutions. Ms. judy originally wanted to do ultrasonic liposuction, home institutions, "tacit" and gave her a negative pressure liposuction, the results of the wrinkled belly. It appears that the election of the institutions, is very important ah! How to identify the institutions, or the merits Physicians? How to see the beauty of device true? In Chengdu, there are no similar incidents, we will investigate. As a consumer, do you have any clues or views, we can call the hotline beauty; institutions, as you would like to talk about his own views, please call the hotline beauty, we welcome every voice, every report will be objective One view.

Liposuction to lose weight

2008-12-22T23:44:00.001-08:00

If you: have too much of the East features the hip, thigh. Methods: admission examination (a doctor for diagnosis and assessment to determine the date of surgery) → → anesthesia will be used for liposuction tube insertion site of liposuction, normal saline injection drugs and liposuction → → postoperative recovery. (Bed rest at least 24 hours in different parts of the rest ranging. Usually 3 months to six months, the surgical site to return to the ideal state.) Effect: the degree of change in the appearance of 10% to 20%. Surgical success rate: 90%. Cost: according to different parts of different charges. Often a site of 2,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan. To the thigh, abdomen most expensive, followed by the face, arm and leg. Not ideal: in surgery from blood clots, pulmonary embolism caused life-threatening. Postoperative recovery led to the non-performing liposuction parts of uneven skin. Reminder: Shu Shen through the recovery period to ensure the appearance of clothing and massage effect.

Three categories of people should not do liposuction

2008-12-22T23:43:00.000-08:00

"Slimming" is the eternal subject of women, and more ways to lose weight all forms and styles, liposuction to lose weight is a more advanced method of weight loss. The experts pointed out that the three categories of people should not do liposuction to lose weight. According to Beijing double dream Magic Ni Hua Hospital Center for plastic surgery to experts, should not be doing liposuction surgery to lose weight of the three types of people: those with heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and blood dysfunction of the obese; as a result of excess or some kind of endocrine disease caused Morbid obesity type; 18 children under the age of physical development have not improved, the number of fat not constant, if blindly liposuction is not only easy rebound, but also damage the child's growth cycle, posing a health hazard. It is understood that in the exercise therapy, drug therapy, the treatment of hunger and other traditional weight loss surgery have not come true, in the early 1980s, France made a doctor of beauty, "Law liposuction to lose weight." At present, this method of weight loss for its special effect in Europe and the United States prevailed in recent years, China has introduced this technology. Liposuction surgery to lose weight in his short time with no pain, quick, easy rebound, and other advantages, obesity is becoming the new favorite group. But a lot of people eager to Fat Burn, in the little liposuction to lose weight, beauty salons do not look for a liposuction operation, the result will not only fail to achieve the desired results, but there have been severe wound surgery, skin necrosis, infection , And other complications, health damage. Experts said that liposuction surgery to lose weight to do good, look at the key equipment, technology and operations staff in the process of liposuction volume balance. Experts recommend that consumers do liposuction surgery to lose weight should seriously consider the institution's hardware technology and the quality of personnel, or blind to do liposuction surgery is dangerous. Experts also warned consumers to the existence of human fat between the skin and muscle, focusing on the effect of thin and too blind or absorb fat on the human body is negative, liposuction surgery to lose weight is limited to subcutaneous mast cells Fat layer, in fact, be reduced to one-fifth of the amount of fat that can achieve the effect of thin build. In liposuction, the doctor would come to those who carried out a liposuction ultrasound scan, which can be clearly displayed on the screen of the person's fat thickness, in order to determine whether liposuction can be implemented. In general, the layer of fat in less than 2 centimeters, it is not necessary and it can not carry out liposuction surgery, if 3.5-4.5 cm, it would be necessary to implement the operation.

What is liposuction to lose weight?

2008-12-22T23:41:00.000-08:00

Fat in the body is rather special part of the organization, located in various parts of the skin and cavity next to the organ. In the 13-14 age of sexual maturity, the number of fat cells no longer breeding increased, after the Pan Shou because of the size of fat cells to reduce or increase due. Due to different parts of the increased rate of fat cells, often leading to a person in all parts of the different levels of obesity. Subcutaneous fat is usually divided into three tiers: the inherent subcutaneous fat layer, the shallow layer of fat, the deep layer of fat. Only some parts of the former two-story, but not deep fat, such as small legs. When obese people mainly in the shallow fat cells increase in size, and other aspects of fat cell size could be the difference between a lot of times. Liposuction to lose weight is to use vacuum suction excess fat, the key to the surgical instruments like a magnification of the needle, the needle on the skin of a bar-bean-sized tablets of "eyes" and evenly to the first subcutaneous fat Second, most of the three-liposuction, the use of surgery when the swelling perfusion technology, so that the aspiration of the fat is to have a certain amount of the body without causing other negative effects. After fine stitching and beans like the "eye of a needle," almost no trace of the surgery, the surgical site skin soft, smooth, no scars, surgical results. Since 1977, French physician invented liposuction Adams easy way to lose weight since the surgery, the surgery has been developing. Liposuction is able to pop because of its effectiveness and selective. Refers to the effectiveness of liposuction can remove excess fat cells in the body, and no further recurrence or rebound. In the past the only method of weight loss will consist of fat, muscle, the Organization of dehydration, and weight loss, once the water has been re-organized, all on the restoration of the original. As to shoot a ball, the greater the force, the ball rebounded to a higher volume of dehydration, the Organization of the water demand will increase, so sometimes caused by the more weight the more strange phenomenon. Liposuction of the selective means too much fat do you think the aspiration for the site, and will not affect other parts of the form. Sometimes it is to lose weight, regardless of location methods, in order to reduce the waist and hips of abdominal fat accumulation, but not the full breasts were cut down to relax, and thus fail to beautify the body. Liposuction can avoid, no change in the appearance of the breast, waist so that the thinning of the abdomen, buttocks smaller, it shows the height of the breast. The late 1980s, Japanese doctors Zhou Zhenan large dose of fat particles into the clinical success, making liposuction surgery to lose weight a qualitative change. He will be pumping out the fat has to be treated and re-injected into account the needs of the site to make a simple liposuction to lose weight into the use of fat change shape to achieve the purpose, really be called a sculpture of the human body works. The technology is now able to grasp only a small number of physicians, but its future development is very broad.

Liposuction can you lose weight fast?

2008-12-22T20:48:00.000-08:00

Of plastic surgery at the clinic often have been asked "surgery to lose weight", these people tend to think that as long as a tube through the blood as the body's fat out of reach on the body to lose weight. In fact Liposuction (referred to as liposuction) and is not equivalent to the weight loss. Liposuction is the removal of other weight loss (such as diet, exercise, weight loss drug services) can not be achieved, the accumulation of fat in a local operation. Liposuction is a relatively normal body weight for the local accumulation of fat (such as the stomach, chin, thighs, upper arm, upper breast, cheek, chin and so on) the health of the population. In other words, liposuction is a partial weight loss surgery. Liposuction through many of its principles through a suction device to attract too much subcutaneous fat. According to the requirements of the position taken by liposuction methods are not the same. Double chin, cheek or a little fat, just use a syringe to law, surgical trauma, effective and leave no scars. The larger the scope of liposuction (such as the abdomen, thigh, etc.) often need to combine traditional ultrasound or swelling. In our country, liposuction was the 1980s developed a kind of cosmetic surgery. Light Reaction with surgery, no surgical scars, etc., but the surgeon during the operation, if not pay attention to uniform suction, the local grievances. Requirements for the treatment of fat suction, liposuction of the first to have a general understanding, after liposuction to reach any kind of situation. One such consultant, asked the doctor after liposuction can not achieve a little fat left, that is, the skin is to achieve the degree of muscle, the answer is no. This is because subcutaneous fat, there are many large blood vessels and nerves, if the damaged blood vessels and nerves, skin necrosis occurred will lead to disastrous consequences. As a result, the skin must leave 1-2cm of fat. Liposuction is not a simple weight loss, it is only a partial re-shaping of the people and to achieve the overall proportion of co-ordination. Before the liposuction must pay attention to the following: 1, liposuction is not suitable to the skin is too lax. This category of patients, other plastic surgery can choose to remove excess skin and fat. 2, after liposuction, there will be blue skin, numbness in the mild sense of local organizations, such as edema response operation, according to the site of the liposuction, generally 1 to 3 months of the recovery process. 3, obese body liposuction alone can not achieve weight loss. If the weight of more than 20% of normal body weight, through exercise, diet control, and other effective measures to control body weight. May wish to try to change diet structure, as far as possible ahead of time for dinner, the dinner of protein, fat content can not be too high. 4, before going to bed an appropriate exercise of the weight loss may be better than morning exercises.

Summer would not be appropriate to do liposuction

2008-12-22T20:47:00.000-08:00

Re Lala and so on in the summer has arrived. In order to be able to wear thin clothes fit, a lot of hopes on the women's impatient thin liposuction. However, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, pointed out that the LI Qing-feng, a professor of plastic surgery, liposuction surgery in the summer is not the best of the season. Professor Li said that the summer is not suitable for liposuction, because in accordance with the current level of technology, the corresponding positions after liposuction need to tie a bandage or put on clothing to help reshape body shape, and tied the bandage for at least a More than a month. "Scorching heat will be bandaged feel? Not only uncomfortable, but not conducive to perspiration, can only stay in air-conditioned environment as much as possible. In addition, summer day, it is necessary to take a bath, but the request after liposuction surgery in patients with 6 days Can not take a bath, 6 days later, while taking a bath, but the wound can not be water, or extension of the wound will heal. Therefore, if there is no good in the summer heat, surgery is best not to avoid the occurrence of postoperative infection organizations. " "In addition, according to the results of the surgery, some patients even feel the need to restore a bandage tied two or three months, until the bandage to solve, can be displayed slender build, in the summer may have been in the past, suffer in the heat has become more Meaningless. " Professor Li pointed out that many patients often "If liposuction does not tie a bandage work?" In this regard, Professor Li said that if the private post-operative patients with bandages removed, the body will not only seriously affect the results will be serious Caused by a variety of complications, the subcutaneous tissue appears uneven, easy to form a fluid, and so on, there will be some hematomas, edema and congestion. Acceptance of liposuction surgery should be risk-averse. A general volume liposuction should be controlled at about 3000 ml, should ensure that within 2 hours, or exceed the scope of the human body to bear. In addition, patients should stay in bed to avoid excessive movement, especially in the lower limbs to avoid strenuous exercise. Professor Li suggested that in the spring and autumn to do liposuction to lose weight are more appropriate.

Girls do liposuction one day by 36 jin

2008-12-22T20:46:00.002-08:00

"Do not ask my weight." This is the year of 21-year-old, 170 cm tall, weighs 180 jin of the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts of the female college student Jia Jie most dare not face. Yesterday, a Beijing cosmetic center for free, she did a total price of 320,000 yuan liposuction surgery to lose weight. In the 9 hours of surgery, the doctor attending to her weight loss of 36 jin. Since then, doctors should also carry out their facial liposuction. The pre-operative Jia Jie Fat girls design clothes for surgery Before the surgery, Jia Jie put into the operating room for their own designed pink dress, although she learned to use a professional designer clothes to avoid their shortcomings, but can still see the body weight. And other preparations for surgery patients, the 21-year-old weighing 180 jin Panniu the children feel relaxed slightly, by 5 o'clock wake up after injection of glucose, such as nutrition, ward, filled with fruit, she was the most Likes to eat watermelon. After the beauty center to prepare a sumptuous breakfast, she started eating fruits and wait for 9 hours of surgery. 10:00 to start operation Yesterday, at around 10 o'clock, Jia Jie beauty lying on the operating table center. Official pre-operative, "performed" Professor Li Jia Jie give weight measurement, shown as 90 kilograms. Subsequently, Jia Jie arrangements were lying on the operating table, in various parts of the body of their inspection, Professor Li in her paintings under the spiral circle, it is the role of surgery in expert guidelines Shih-pin. Is divided into surgical sterilization, anesthesia, liposuction parts. One liposuction anesthesia and a two-step is especially important in the entire course of surgery, doctors will be at 80 to 500 ml bottle containing liquid swelling of the anesthetic into every part of her whole body, which will only local anesthesia liposuction to accept the Site work, so in the course of anesthesia, Jia Jie can clear their face of the whole process of downsizing. 9 hour surgery minus 36 jin 11:00 or so, reporters were allowed to enter the operating room, but the need to wear a hat medical, masks, sets of shoes, clothes surgery in the operating room before entering the hospital have been asked to stand only place that must not contact any Surgical instruments. After local anesthesia after playing Jia Jie waved hello to the reporter. Professor Li said that over the next 9 hours of surgery, the body will be carried out 44 liposuction. Saw more than 10 cm-long special needle to the girl's body into the light green liquid. 12 am, Jia Jie be allowed to eat, because of surgery for a long time and is very physical, so her lunch in a "soft-shelled turtle rice cooked in soy and vinegar." In the short to eat after the operation to enter the most critical stage of liposuction. It is reported that the operation will be divided into abdominal, back, buttocks, hips, back, neck, limbs and so on, in three phases. If the good state of patients, doctors can operate on the exchange. 17:00 or so, the site of liposuction for the lower limbs, when heavily armed reporters on re-entry into the operating room, Jia Jie is a phone call to his mother are safe, and Professor Li is preoccupied with the "characteristics of the first to attract" in his legs for Liposuction. As of 5:00 p.m., liposuction surgery amounted to 11,000 ml. As of 7:00 last night, to complete the operation. Lying on the operating table of 9 hours of Jia Jie in a simple adjustment, put on another cut his hand Shaqun from the operating room, came out. It is reported that the pumping operation a total of 13,800 ml of pure fat, is a mixture of 4200 ml, the same day the child to lose weight Panniu 36 jin. All words: Physician: the zero-risk surgery Beauty: This is not intentional speculation Patients mother: I do not start down Medical experts: one-time should not be out too much fat

Weight loss surgery was the best by

2008-12-22T20:46:00.001-08:00

"Sweden Daily" published on the 10th of a survey on diet and exercise or other traditional ways to lose weight, weight loss surgery seems to be better. Sweden medical profession in 1987 to the beginning of 4000 conduct super-fat diet follow-up survey, in which 2,000 people through the surgery to lose weight and another 2,000 through diet or exercise such as weight loss in the traditional way. Investigation showed that the majority of those who underwent surgery to lose weight after surgery can reduce the 25% to 30% of the weight, the effect of the poor to reduce weight by 10% to 20%. And four years later, only a small part of the human body may rebound. Due to significantly reduce body weight, which were both part of the quality of life or state of mind, have been greatly improved. The traditional way is not only not have the effect of weight loss but the average weight has increased a little.

Common weight loss surgery

2008-12-22T20:45:00.001-08:00

Have slender, graceful figure, is pursued by female fashion. Many people use to achieve the purpose of weight loss surgery. In that case, is divided into several types of weight loss surgery? Their respective indication is what? The following presentation on some of the knowledge. Closed weight loss surgery is often said that the liposuction. Surgery using small skin incision, with a special suction head and suction device to draw the accumulation of subcutaneous fatty tissue in order to achieve weight loss. Although it came late, but because of the small incision, the trauma on the body is relatively small, the effect of the more popular global ideal. Liposuction generally apply only to adults, the body is in the developmental stages of adolescents, and children suffering from bleeding, infectious diseases such as hemophilia, aplastic basin in the body and blood of people with serious Gan Ranzao But not implemented. Adults almost every part of the body surface can be pumped. The limitations of the accumulation of fat is the preferred indications. Indemnity to those who body temperature of simple obesity in patients with severe, repeated Liposuction can play to improve the physical appearance, to alleviate the suffering of mental patients. Patients with abdominal fat obvious that if the lower abdomen did not loose skin, can also carry out a simple liposuction treatment. Open surgery to lose weight through surgical procedures, doctors in the open under the relaxation and removal of excessive accumulation of skin, fat, sometimes at the same time be relevant to correct the deformation of the muscle or fascia in order to achieve the purpose of weight loss. Liposuction and compared the effects of such surgery is more obvious, mainly applied to the skin, adipose tissue relaxation and serious patients drooping, such as the obvious accumulation of abdominal fat patients have seriously affected the daily life and work, the implementation of this operation Can play a better effect. As the number of women in pregnancy or other causes of skin, meat and aponeurosis lax defense, short-term weight in obese patients, as well as a sharp drop after the formation of skin, fat and so on down, can be used in this operation. However, such a long incision and left scars on the body more trauma, complications, the young unmarried pregnant women or women's reproductive health and scar the purposes of those who should be prohibited. Combined weight loss surgery is liposuction and open joint surgery. Because of its aspiration to make up for a simple solution over the skin relaxation effect of the poor, open surgery to avoid the trauma brought about by the larger, so in recent years by the plastic at home and abroad, praised the beauty industry. Joint operation is particularly well suited to the middle abdomen or severe weight loss in obese patients. It uses a liposuction to remove excess fat tissue, and the use of skin, fat surgery to relax the tension of the skin and restore elasticity, the results are obvious. For serious accumulation of abdominal fat, skin relaxation showed clear malformation of the apron-like patients, implementation of the joint operation results. However, the joint operation of the body and the extent of the trauma of complications than Liposuction and more simple. Three methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and in what manner should be a professional doctor in accordance with the patient's condition requires a decision in order to achieve better results.

8 months by mad 25 kg experts advise caution to cut the stomach to lose weight

2008-12-22T20:44:00.001-08:00

A variety of ways to lose weight, Hangzhou, a woman was cutting through the stomach to cut intestines to lose weight, 8-month mad by 25 kg. However, medical experts advise: Cut the stomach to lose weight have to be careful. Miss Gu, who lives in Hangzhou this year, more than 30 years old. Last year, in order to lose weight, she asked the doctors to the hospital for treatment after his gastrectomy 70%, also off a one-third of the small intestine. 8 months later, her body weight by 25 kilograms have been mad. Provincial People's Hospital, director of minimally invasive surgery Dr. Wang Yuedong told reporters, Miss Gu is acceptable to the laparoscopic gastric reduction surgery, was in her surgery, in addition to cutting all intestinal stomach, but also stripped of her 700 grams of omentum (That is, covering the surface of the fat in the stomach). Miss Gu weight even though the standard has been relatively tall, slender clearly, but Dr. Wang Yuedong still hope to do similar operations to be careful. He said cutting the stomach to digest food diet does make the stomach to reduce the space, so easy in patients with stomach feel full, reduce consumption, the purpose of weight loss achieved, but enterovirus cut stomach cut is, after all, there is an organ injury treatment, or To be careful. The experts warned that cutting the stomach to do to lose weight people should be sick obese patients, partly because of the crowd obesity, as a direct result of the high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases, if not rapid weight loss, may affect the Their life expectancy and quality of life. If only the general obesity, no need for the suit, after all, there will be risks in any surgery, surgery should not blind.

Pre-surgery weight loss what you need to be prepared

2008-12-22T20:42:00.002-08:00

People usually go on a diet, exercise and other traditional methods can not only lose weight when considering weight loss surgery, for them, which is often a life-saving is the last straw. However, the operation would finally lay to the operating table is a great need courage to be a major step. People should understand that there is risk of weight loss surgery and the benefits we could, after all, there are risks in any surgery, can make anxiety. So when we decide through surgery to thin on the need to be carefully ready, including physical and mental preparation. For most people, need to change the way of life in the past, the exercise to ensure that in the future to have a healthier life. The following are some of the need to be carefully considered: (1) you really do their best to diet or exercise can not succeed? (2) your health insurance, including whether the weight loss surgery? (3) you are ready to bear a lot of the routine operation of the pre-operative check it? (4) you can find after you take care of the people it? Do not run the spur of the moment to do surgery to lose weight. University of Pennsylvania Medical Center plastic surgery treatment of obesity expert, Dr. James said that for the first time from surgery to lose weight to the idea of the final implementation of the general need for surgery after two years, during which the need for frank, sincere and family members, friends, surgeon And know a friend in the hospital on their own ideas, serious and careful consideration before surgery. Weight loss surgery the first step in accordance with the Association of American obesity statistics, the United States about obesity 60,000,000, of which 9,000,000 were severely obese. Weight loss surgery is a diet and exercise after the failure of the most effective method of weight loss, but also to save the health of obese important magic weapon. In the United States, obesity is the second smoking after the second preventable cause of death risk factors. The first step of weight loss surgery, James said that the proposal was immediately linked with the insurance company to see whether the scope of health insurance coverage of weight loss surgery. The second step, the first visit to the doctor, where did their best to lose weight issue of the documents (in the United States, many insurance companies require medical insurance to provide insurance on the first visit a doctor who has been to five consecutive years through diet, exercise and so on Weight loss without proof of age). If the insurance companies do not pay the cost of surgery, it would need to consider more clearly, the cost of surgery is usually very high. In the United States, according to the American Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases Association to the figures provided by the general surgery may be required 20000 - 35000 dollars (in China may be less). In view of the high cost of surgery, Americans generally have to wait until the first visit to the doctor to prove to look forward to pay for insurance. If you have a good solution to the problem of costs, it could be the next step: to find a first-rate hospitals and doctors. In selecting a doctor, need to consider the following questions: (1) whether the doctors practicing certificate? (2) whether the doctor is to lose weight national plastic surgery association? (Referring to the United States) (3) the surgical mortality rate is the number? In general, surgery can not be greater than the mortality rate of 0.1 percent (4) the doctor's post-operative complications in patients with a high incidence of it? The most common adverse reaction is what? (5) the doctor's success rate is the number? It is clear that trusted doctors as a result of the experience in this area and there is a certain degree of name recognition. Research shows that the more rich experience of doctors, patients and lower the death rate after. If possible, one should look for at least 100 treated patients with a doctor. In addition to finding a good doctor, patients also need a support system. To participate in the creation of an obese person's weight loss surgery pre-operative course, this could be a more practical information, including surgery, surgery would be the benefits and adverse reactions and risks. Of course, but also be able to find a preoperative and postoperative help care for the people. Next, start doing physical and mental preparation, the success of this operation plays a key role. Recognizing that weight loss surgery is no cure for obesity is very important. Although weight loss surgery to combat obesity when a powerful weapon, but it can not be settled once and for all. The long-term weight loss surgery is only part of the process, the need for life-long follow-up, regular exercise and healthy eating. If you already understand this point of self-confidence and be able to do so, you can start and the doctors interviewed, and usually more than one doctor to talk about. Is likely to have a lot to discuss with your doctor to assess the health of the preoperative condition of these assessments, including the heart, respiratory and other special cuts. Doctors may ask you before surgery to reduce weight to improve the physical part of the state of health. Some doctors will be asked to reduce the pre-operative patients in the 15-30 pounds. In addition, doctors will require pre-operative patients to quit smoking in order to maintain long-term health and reduce the complications of surgery. Smokers, the incidence of adverse reactions are usually very high, such as surgery due to pneumonia. In addition to discussions with the surgeon, but also with the nutritional needs of practitioners to discuss and determine the daily diet of nutrient composition, preoperative and postoperative diet and how the adjustment is a clear need to know. In general, those who pre-operative patients with the right diet --- such as a small amount of slow food - will resume after some of the faster and better.

What are the risks of weight loss surgery

2008-12-22T20:42:00.001-08:00

Understanding of the risks of surgery patients is an important part of preparation. All are accompanied by surgery infection and the risk of thrombosis, are more vulnerable to obesity complicated by adverse reactions, in particular, there are early symptoms of diabetes and heart disease patients. 2004 U.S. government report estimated that the mortality rate of weight loss surgery is about 0.19 percent. Older, high blood pressure, obesity rates were higher, but after a successful surgery to lose weight will severely obese patients suffering from heart disease to lower prevalence rate of 50%, and research also showed that: surgery than those conditions for the implementation of the same unit who survived surgery A longer time. As a result, although there is the risk of surgery, but it also save lives. Minimize the wind out of the surgery, doctors will ask patients to do detailed pre-operative preparation with a view to pre-operative patients found that the existing problems. Patients often find that these routine check-ups can help themselves at the same time do a good job in mental preparation. They can help patients better understand their thinking, at the same time allow patients to eat a different method to do a good job of preparation. Looking forward to surgery to lose weight and other surgical operation, the need for postoperative recovery period. Postoperative recovery time varies from person to person, but at least a week, usually 3-4 weeks. The new technology allows the operation to reduce postoperative recovery time. Today's weight loss surgery is minimally invasive of. In the United States a number of advanced medical centers, and even weight loss surgery can be completed in the patient. The majority of obese patients per day within one month would be reduced about a pound of body weight after one year would reduce the excess weight of 50% -75%. But even at this time, this process does not stop at. Patients with malnutrition due to appear relevant ministries of the two responses, such as anemia, osteoporosis, metabolic bone disease, and so on. As a result, after the operation to have a healthy diet, exercise can be, the law of the follow-up to monitor the nutritional status. To ask ourselves the question if you are considering weight loss surgery, ask about some of the issues (from the United States, diabetes, digestive and kidney diseases Association), if you all are answered in the affirmative, then immediately contact a doctor first visit and insurance companies. (1) whether the non-surgical method of weight loss can make? (2) whether or not a serious understanding of the process of surgery and treatment? (3) whether the operation is to improve the physical health to see? (4) whether the understanding of life after the attack will occur and how to change (for example, must be very slow chewing food, must be eating a small amount)? (5) operations aware of the serious complications, dietary restrictions and the possible failure of the operation? (6) ability to adhere to lifelong follow-up and to add vitamins and minerals.

Weight loss surgery can reduce the prevalence of cancer

2008-12-22T20:41:00.001-08:00

A study found that weight loss surgery can be effective in cancer greatly reduce the chances. This study by the British in 1986 to 2002 had weight loss surgery between 1035 to carry out follow-up survey found. They gastric bypass surgery, to reduce the size of the stomach, there is a tape put on in the stomach, so that the "appetite" greatly reduced, with the other 5746 compared obese patients with the disease, received the surgery were only 2 % Of the cancer without surgery has 8.5 percent of the cancer. In a group that had surgery, the prevalence rate of breast cancer than those not receiving surgery lower 85%. The prevalence of colon cancer decreased by 70%. In the Los Angeles Times reported on June 18 of this new discovery, but also in weight loss surgery done on the presentation of the meeting. Obese people face greater risk. These diseases include: high blood pressure, heart disease and diabetes. Weight loss surgery can reduce these risks. Weight loss is a difficult process, diet and weight loss drugs in general for those who are obese patients do not work. The surgery to lose weight can these people are in for a long period of time to maintain a healthy weight and improve health. In general, however, weight loss surgery is really no alternative but taken. In all the diet and exercise are not valid, those extremely obese people may take the operation. Relatively speaking, of course, surgery is also more complicated and there is a certain degree of risk. But over the past few years and found that the studies have shown that such surgery is valuable. Previous studies found that gastric bypass surgery to reduce heart disease and diabetes risk. Now new research also found that weight loss surgery can reduce the risk of cancer. There are two kinds of weight loss surgery, the stomach is a hoop, that is, around the stomach banding surgery, so that reduce stomach; and the other is the gastric bypass surgery, the stomach is a "small crack", a small left-Wei Dai Connected to the small intestine, reducing the absorption surface, not absorbed into the food waste eliminated from the body. This is more than the risk of gastric banding surgery is much greater, but the weight loss is also much more obvious. After the success of surgery, many people no longer suffering from high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes. In the course of the study, patients received surgery reduced to an average of more than two-thirds of the excess part of. The prevalence rate of breast cancer than those not receiving surgery lower 85%. The prevalence of colon cancer decreased by 70%. Now what do? Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity prevention is better than the treatment of obesity is much easier. Once the generation of fat cells, it will never survive in the body, can never shake off. Although the diet may be adopted by the fat cells so that fewer smaller, but also very difficult. A balanced diet, eat more vegetables and grains. If you have children from a young age to develop their healthy eating habits and encourage them to exercise regularly. If the overweight, it is necessary to try every means to reduce the weight down. Control of food intake is the key to reduce weight. Americans eat too many and must be controlled to reduce food intake of calories. Sports! To join a health club or team. After lunch with friends for a walk. Moving it up! With a doctor to talk about your weight loss program. You identify the most suitable approach, if extreme obesity, it is necessary to the operation, consulting this step is especially important. Looking to the future now, and also as an obesity epidemic has been. In addition to the need to find ways of treating obesity, we need more in-depth study how to prevent. I hope in the near future, be able to find new non-surgical way to treat extreme obesity. Recently, the fat cells on the nature of the chemical, and obesity in the brain play a role in a number of research results. More scientific research will lead scientists invented a new weight loss drug, safe and effective sound. These drugs may be committed to controlling people's appetite, or committed to the cells, such as hormones play in weight loss. Although the medical developments of a growing number of obese people see hope, but no matter how the medical profession re-development of a healthy lifestyle is the fundamental guarantee of health.

Acupuncture weight loss is better than the way EA

2008-12-22T20:40:00.001-08:00

"Acupuncture and practices," the combined treatment of simple obesity in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, can significantly affect the weight, fat, percentage of body fat and blood lipid changes in the allocation of differentiation reflects the Chinese medicine acupuncture points more features. Recently, Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Chinese medicine hospital to a study results suggest that acupuncture lipid-lowering diet, in the dialectical norms Selection, acupuncture is a way to operate can not be ignored. Simple obesity combined hypertriglyceridemia, has now become a common disease, a variety of acupuncture treatment were received better treatment. Shengzhou Chinese medicine hospital Qiu Xiaoling, deputy director of the group led by Chinese medicine practitioners, patients were on the application of practices acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatment with acupuncture for observation, 90 out-patient will be randomly divided into patients with acupuncture and electroacupuncture group (A), Practices acupuncture group (B group) in all 45. Selection for the basic: Wan, Wan under the water, the sea air, Guan Yuan, meat sliding door, outside the mausoleum, Wang, Tianshu, Qu pool, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao. In addition, based on patients with different syndromes differentiation Selection addition and subtraction. Operational: A group of acupuncture cents spilled into the ping-ping up, after a gas tank hyperbolic, Zusanli called needle device, used for high-frequency waves, needles remain 30 minutes. Group B, the needle into the later contortus cents, to intervene in law. The spilled Positive Law: cent to acupuncture after slow to bear by, then turn right contortus. Deficiency Act up: acupuncture to slow after the press to bear, turn left contortus later. Needle to stay, Qu pool, three feet every 10 minutes in a line of needles, needles remain 30 minutes. The two groups were treated the next day at 1, 10 for a course of treatment, the treatment of a total of 3 courses. By observing the changes in the two groups before and after treatment, statistical, and the total effective: A group of 8 0%, B group 91.1 percent. After treatment, body mass index of obesity, obesity, body fat percentage, body mass index, the two groups are self-comparison p <0.01, and the comparison between the two groups p <0.05, there are significant differences. That there are obvious effects of acupuncture to lose weight, weight loss, but to improve the indicators, practices acupuncture group is superior to electric acupuncture group needle. The results also showed that the two groups before and after treatment were significantly lower triglyceride, can effectively regulate lipid metabolism, blood lipid of the two groups there was no significant difference. The researchers believe that acupuncture and weight loss conditioner to lowering the spleen and stomach, kidney-based, diagnosis and giving of treatment is the key, while acupuncture is an effective way to stimulate the amount of the guarantee, then the way to virtual reality, the reality of diarrhea, Buxu Diarrhea is a flexible application. To stay when the needle line pin and the availability of effective stimulus, but the way EA can not replace the needle line. The research results have been in rural areas as Chinese medicine in Zhejiang Province to promote appropriate technology.

Weight loss surgery before you have to ask the doctor the 12 issues

2008-12-22T20:39:00.001-08:00

Also by how it does not, you may want to consider surgery to lose weight, but you have not enough understanding of weight loss surgery, why it can be to lose weight? Are there any side effects? Will the rebound? Suitable for their own? ... ... Only a comprehensive understanding of all kinds of information, you can dispel doubts about heart surgery. Well before the surgery to lose weight, you have to understand what the problems it? To this end, specially Xiaobian you set out to a number of fundamental issues, printing them out in the advisory body to weight loss surgery, ask your doctor you: 1, my weight loss surgery right for the situation? (Obesity, health status, etc.) 2, what kind of surgery to lose weight are more suitable for me? 3, What are the risks of the surgery? 4, before surgery I need to do what the medical examination? 5, after the operation I would like to be in the hospital how long? 6, after the operation how long I need to be able to resume a normal life? 7, after the operation how long it can start to see weight loss? 8, after the surgery I need to pay attention to the food problem? 9, post-operative complications which may be? 10, the weight loss surgery will not rebound? Weight loss can be sustained it? 11, after the operation how long I need to be able to reduce the scope of the expected weight? 12, the operation will not affect my fertility? Weight loss surgery is a more important way to lose weight, but is not suitable for everyone. Weight loss surgery, should be the formal selection of qualified agencies or hospital weight loss surgery, and various consulting expertise, can not be blind.

16 surgery to lose weight may be side effects

2008-12-22T20:36:00.000-08:00

Prior to surgery to lose weight, you have to understand clearly the best, the surgery may be what any side effects or potential dangers, there are some side effects are short-term, it may gradually lose weight after a successful recovery, while others are serious side effects , Takes a long time to recover. In addition to the general surgical complications and side effects of weight loss surgery and some things need to pay special attention to: Anemia And other gastrointestinal surgery, gastric bypass surgery will affect the body of nutrients and trace elements in the absorption of iron, for example, a lack of iron in the body make red blood cells to reduce the amount of hemoglobin, causing anemia. Of course, the solution is to properly iron. Osteoporosis and bone degradation Gastrointestinal surgery to lose weight is another dangerous cause calcium deficiency. The serious consequences of calcium deficiency is bone change "vulnerable". If calcium is not a serious situation, only by a number of health care products or calcium high calcium food can be resolved. However, if the disease has been based, it would need to go to hospital for treatment of the treatment. Malnutrition The body of nutrients and micro-elements of the lack of absorption, will not only lead to the appeal of two diseases, but also lead to malnutrition. Gastrointestinal surgery to lose weight, usually accompanied by vitamin and mineral elements content lower than the normal situation at this time, as long as some of the food supplement tablets on the line. Slack skin With the continuous drop in body weight, loose skin will become the cross, because a lot of subcutaneous fat was consumed, and the skin is shrinking fast enough. Dumping syndrome After gastric surgery Helicobacter pylori, or lose its normal function, if eating high-sugar foods, the sudden dumping of food to the stomach or duodenum Campylobacter, which can cause a range of symptoms. In other words, the stomach will be fast food "into the" gut, which appears Maoleng Han, diarrhea, all symptoms such as fatigue. Although these symptoms are life-threatening, but really, if painful, therefore, is to avoid high-sugar foods to eat it. Damage Surgery will be some of the things the body does not belong to implant in the body for the time being, these "foreign objects" in a number of accidents friction may damage the body's normal organs, such as after the operation all of a sudden you have to eat over-fed, or when the operation beam Stomach with a bar too. Spleen injury In some very small number of cases, for the convenience of the surgery to stop bleeding, the spleen must be removed from the medical point of the spleen that (dirty) surgery. In some cases, even if do not need to remove the spleen may be injured because of the spleen and stomach is in itself the next. Suture fracture Department (SLD) If the gastrointestinal suture or blocking off Department, had planned to enter the food will not allow food to enter the site can not be discharged, piled up inside, it will cause pain, infection, and even be life-threatening. Hernia In the body tissues and organs in the abdominal wall muscles weak position to highlight that hernia. Surgery usually makes the abdominal wall muscles become weak, and will often attack hernia. However, about 1 / 5 of patients in gastrointestinal surgery to lose weight, and then require a specialized hernia surgery. A long period of nausea and not eating Gastrointestinal surgery was to reduce food intake, and there are a number of cases, gastrointestinal effects of weight loss surgery "off" so that the patients can not eat. I eat on the nausea and vomiting, this is the case, the need to re-hospitalization. Beam with stomach waver Beam after stomach surgery, gastric band beam may be loose or mobile, making surgery invalid or weaken the effect. Intestinal stenosis After the surgery, most likely formed in the wound erythema marks. Intestinal makes narrow, the flow of food poor. When severe, but also cause vomiting and digestive barriers, which require hospitalization. Leak After the surgery, intestinal leakage may occur, the most common situation is that the stomach, including food gastric acid leaked to the abdominal cavity in all. This needs to undergo an operation to repair leaks. Ulcer If the acid corrosion to the operation wound, it will cause ulcers. Of course, the doctor prescribed will help you to prevent such a situation. Gallstones 1 / 3 of stomach weight loss surgery patients are suffering from gallstones. The reason is simple, rapid weight loss and low-calorie diet is one of the major incentives for gallstones. Doctors in general will be prescribed to help you reduce the possibility of stones. Constipation And diet habits of the major changes made a lot of people are suffering from constipation. Defecation force, will become a heavy burden of intestinal incision, this time, should seek medical help, it should not take non-prescription drugs.

How to judge whether the cure hepatitis B

2008-12-22T18:34:00.000-08:00

Acute hepatitis discharged from hospital clinical cure standard should have the following conditions: (1) the expiration of isolation (B, C, D and G does not have made such a request); (2) of the main symptoms disappear; (3) to restore normal liver and spleen, or significantly decrease , The liver area or non-call tenderness obvious pain; (4), liver function tests returned to normal. Cured and discharged with the standard basic standards, follow-up six months without abnormal changes (HBsAg negative hepatitis B patients). Standard clinical cure cure the standard 1-year follow-up no abnormal changes (HBsAg negative patients with hepatitis B). To move slowly heal the liver in addition to the standard isolation period, with acute hepatitis. Slow turn for the better standard of living liver (1) of the main symptoms disappear; (2) hepatosplenomegaly stable, and no significant tenderness and pain call; (3) normal liver function tests or minor abnormalities; (4) virus replication marks disappear. Cure the basic standards (1) of the symptoms disappear; (2) enlargement of the liver stable or shrinking, non-call tenderness and pain; (3) normal liver function tests; (4) Although the viral replication and HBsAg positive signs disappeared; ( 5) remained stable over the more than a year. Cured with standard cure the basic standards of observation for more than two years, HBsAg-negative patients with hepatitis B, sustained and stable condition and capable of performing normal work.

Hepatitis B awareness of 7 major errors

2008-12-22T18:32:00.000-08:00

Patients can not contact other people Hepatitis B patients in their daily lives as long as the toothbrushes, razors and other supplies such as the separation of women suffering from hepatitis B menstrual attention to health, will not hepatitis B infection to others. Hepatitis B surface antigen carriers can be normal to go to school, work, and living like normal people. Suffering from hepatitis B, in the acute phase should pay attention to rest. HIV can not be married Hepatitis B virus carriers can get married, but must pre-marital testing of the blood of hepatitis B antigen antibody system that is "half-and-half." In any way the outcome of a positive, no injection of hepatitis B vaccine. If negative, it must be vaccinated to be able to produce antibodies after the marriage. Sexual restraint must avoid alcohol and excessive fatigue. Birth neonate within 24 hours after injection of hepatitis B vaccine to be. No need for adult vaccination The answer is no. HBV infection in high-risk status should be susceptible to hepatitis B hepatitis B vaccination. Include: newborns, infants and preschool children, medical staff, patients and HBV carriers of HBsAg in close contact, sexual partners and spouses, a new army of soldiers, conservation officers, athletes, and so on. Liver drug Duoduoyishan Chronic hepatitis B patients are often beyond the scope of the doctor's advice to eat a lot of the so-called "liver medicine", liver health care products, in fact, not necessarily beneficial to the liver. Pharmacy as excessive, too much variety or too long course of treatment, only increase the liver's metabolism, the risk will be induced. Hepatitis B can be air-borne Hepatitis B will not be through the air, food or dissemination of the digestive tract, with the room, talking, eating together will not be infected. However, people living with the virus in saliva may contain the virus, should be used chopsticks, eating. Hepatitis B in general will not shake hands through the transmission to others, unless both hands are split, with bleeding. Patients did not self-healing ability The younger infected with HBV (hepatitis B virus), the easier it is to form a chronic infection, with age become infected with HBV chronic hepatitis B rate of decline, the majority of our people have been infected with HBV after by their own immune function to clear the virus. Hepatitis B can not breast-feeding mother Hepatitis B patients in the milk of HBsAg positive hepatitis B virus may be transmitted. Breast-feeding rate of hepatitis B virus clearance is higher than that of bottle feeding. In the 24-48 hours after birth, the implementation of the vaccine after vaccination, children can be largely avoided through breast-feeding infected with hepatitis B virus. It should be noted, however: there is nipple bleeding ulcer and not to use the breast-feeding and breast-feeding mothers should be hands should be disinfected.

Hepatitis B virus carriers

2008-12-22T18:12:00.000-08:00

Hepatitis B virus carriers in China account for the total population of 8% -10% (approximately 140,000,000), many of the hepatitis B virus carriers are occasionally check the body was found, not self-evident discomfort. The treatment of these groups should not do? Following is a brief analysis and discussion are as follows: From the theoretical point of view, the hepatitis B virus carriers is the ignorance in a timely manner to prevent and treat high-risk population of hepatitis B virus carrier status is often the incidence of hepatitis B, "Chi-like potential," this could be a long incubation period may be short up to a few elderly 10 years. The incubation period may vary, depending on the patient's genetic, race, age and mode of infection factors, many of the persistent and active hepatitis, cirrhosis and even by the often developed from the virus carriers. It is generally believed that chronic carriers of the virus by 15% -20% of the likely direction of the evolution of the dominant hepatitis. As a result, more like a virus to carry the state in the potential of the human body a "time bomb" in a number of possible external causes (such as severe fatigue, alcoholism, grief, and other factors) and internal (overlap other viral infection, viral mutation and other factors genes) The role of the conditions, all of a sudden onset. As a result, people living with the virus as the instability in the high-risk groups is appropriate and timely prevention and treatment is very important. From a practical point of view the situation, the hepatitis B virus carriers is the most difficult to prevent and special treatment should not be HIV crowd mixed with the normal population, it is impossible for them every day for follow-up and isolation, it is difficult to nip evil in the bud. When they are likely to spread to other people, when the disease may have been unknown. There are a number of people living with the virus not only follow-up on a regular basis, and medication on time, the usefulness of interferon, thymosin useful, useful muscle-cell, the usefulness of traditional Chinese medicine, almost no significant effect, "Dasan Yang" or "third Yang,. "Xiaosan Yang" or "Xiao Sanyang"; some of them the more Yue Zhi ring caused hepatitis dominant occurred. For the treatment of people living with, as the carrier's own immune tolerance, virus and liver cells And the whole other reasons, the decision is still "no alternative" position. In addition. In accordance with national conditions and characteristics, it is difficult to achieve prevention and treatment. If you want to understand how many of China's hepatitis B virus carriers, the first in the country Out within the framework of a comprehensive inspection, not to mention the tremendous hard work of the organization, spending for the great majority, a person to do a liver function and the "two half-and-half" inspection, the cost to be about 50-80 yuan, the country should be 100 Billion; found out if the treatment would also like to count 1,000 yuan per capita, the country will need more than 100,000,000,000 yuan. And that these costs are often "failed", not only damage the country, but also personal loss. From this point of view , For the time being people living with HIV is not good for special treatment. From the perspective of a comprehensive analysis of the hepatitis B virus carriers should be to prevent the main rule as a supplement to, "autonomy" mainly "foreign aid" as a supplement to the principle of combining to be disposed of hepatitis B virus carriers are not special treatment, Does not mean laissez-faire, allowed to develop. Must do a good job in prevention and follow-up work: 1, to prevent the infection of other infectious diseases, hepatitis A vaccine injection vaccines and other infectious diseases. 2, Temperance. 3, moderate to participate in sports and leisure exercise, avoid fatigue, there are regular daily life. 4, attitude adjustment, optimistic, progressive, open-minded attitude. 5, regular review and liver function Series B Super understand the disease or not. Treatment should be based on diet, consisting mainly of Chinese herbal medicine and naturopathy. "Autonomy" means that through their diet (an integrated nutrition, little more than meat-, etc.), recreation therapy (shadow boxing, fishing, plant flowers, etc.), psychotherapy (by the guidance of a doctor), Single herbs (such as Cordyceps, Astragalus , Ligustrum lucidum, possession of capillaries, and so on), and other methods of treatment on their own, should not take the East West channeling, drugs indiscriminately. The so-called "foreign aid" refers to the long-term counseling, follow-up, regular liver disease under the guidance of experts, engaged in the prevention and treatment. "Autonomy" and "foreign aid" can be combined with each other so that the hepatitis B virus carriers of the disease is effectively controlled.

How self-test of the liver is sick?

2008-12-22T18:11:00.000-08:00

China is the world's hepatitis epidemic, one seriously. Well, how their own self-test for liver disease, medical treatment in a timely manner in order to do? The general said that following several cases to attention. 1, hepatitis epidemic season or region, as well as at home in patients with acute hepatitis should be on high alert, watch out from time to time. 2, a small number of people in the incidence before flu-like symptoms. 3, no significant incentives and Shenpi sudden lack of power, the spirit of the volume lazy, flabby knees, and so on. 4, sudden loss of appetite, tired of oil, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. 5, the Department of Youlei have secret anguish, Zhang Tong, stinging or burning sensation. 6, sclera, skin, urine or yellow color of strong tea. 7, Iris eyes on the obvious spot. 8, golden palm, or the entire palm side has dark red or purple spots. 9, the palm of your hand, in particular, a time when some small fish fingers and palm surface of the skin red heart. 10, the second hand ring finger knuckle palm face a clear sense of tenderness. 11, in the ear of the two corresponding areas of liver spots, there is a nodule uplift, this soft reduction, pain than other parts of the obvious. 12, Leahey matte face. 13, the body surface of the skin can be seen spider. 14, Nuzhang the right side of the jugular vein. 15, bulging belly, clearly exposed the vein wall. 16, significantly lower extremity edema, or swelling body, the less urine. 17, a long history of alcohol abuse or long-term use of the liver harmful substances such as tetracycline and chlorpromazine, sulfa drugs should be alert alcoholic hepatitis or drug-induced hepatitis. 18, in patients with liver cancer can not touch the surface of liver formation, there is a sense of nodules, obvious tenderness. 19, in patients with severe mouth like a rotten apple smell.

The prognosis of how various types of hepatitis

2008-12-22T08:22:00.001-08:00

Generally speaking hepatitis A prognosis is good. While the onset of hepatitis A radical, fierce and fast, like being, but as long as timely to have a good rest, nutrition and reasonable treatment, the general condition will improve very soon, most of them in 2 weeks after the onset of jaundice began to subside, gastrointestinal symptoms began to improve, After about a month and a half or so of rest and treatment, most patients can recover, will not be as easy as hepatitis B develop into chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis does not occur and primary liver cancer. The more immunity was no longer occur hepatitis A for the second time. Hepatitis B is all the more serious hazards in a class of hepatitis. In China, hepatitis B epidemic situation is very serious. According to the survey, China's hepatitis B infection rate of about 60%, that is, there are 700,000,000 people have been infected with hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B surface antigen positive rate of about 10%, that is, there are 120,000,000 people carrying hepatitis B virus, of which there are quite a number of patients will develop cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The majority of hepatitis C through blood transfusion or use of infected blood products. In the early 1990s, China's hepatitis C 90% by the use of blood transfusion and blood products cause. Later, to strengthen the management of blood and blood products, blood transfusion caused by the hepatitis C has been reduced by 80%. Occult Hepatitis C onset, the disease is relatively tired, the majority of patients with clinical symptoms of less serious, abnormal liver function mainly aminotransferase (ALT) light to moderate rise, only a very small number of jaundice patients. The high rate of chronic, poor treatment. It was reported that the chronic hepatitis C rate of 50% -60%, some even 80% of all chronic viral hepatitis in one of the highest rates of type. Chronic hepatitis C, about 20 percent develop liver cirrhosis, liver cirrhosis in 20% and will be developed into a primary liver cancer. Hepatitis D virus is a virus that only assist in the hepatitis B virus can be infected with the human body and cause disease. Although our country, hepatitis D-positive rate was only 1.15 percent, to 120,000,000 of the National Hepatitis B virus carriers as the base for calculation, China's small number of patients with hepatitis have as many as 140 million people. Hepatitis B carriers overlap hepatitis D virus infection, often severe acute hepatitis, or even develop into severe hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus carriers pregnant women, childbirth in the process of hepatitis B virus can be transmitted to the newborn. Newborns infected with hepatitis B virus, about 90% of them will be a continuing hepatitis B virus carriers, of which some people will enter adulthood develop into chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Although there is no specific treatment for hepatitis B drug, but the state each year only for the treatment of hepatitis B spent on medical expenses over 300 billion. Hepatitis B can see the harm. After the incidence of hepatitis E and hepatitis A are basically similar, but the average is more important than the disease hepatitis, jaundice high incidence of hepatitis A slower than the restoration of the disease. Cholestatic-prone, that is, small intrahepatic bile duct (bile duct, said capillary) wall appeared edema, bile duct inside the solidification, the formation of embolism, resulting in jaundice can not be dissipated smoothly, so that the high index of jaundice. Some patients may occur secondary peak of jaundice. Pregnant women, especially in late pregnancy for women suffering from hepatitis E, the more serious consequences, the fatality rate can reach 20% -30%. Hepatitis has been in foreign countries by the end of 1994 by a scholar of patients with unexplained stool hepatitis and liver and feces of infected animals were detected with the virus, but the characteristics of the virus and hepatitis caused by clinical features to be further observation, research . Hepatitis G is early in 1995 the first American scholars found that post-transfusion hepatitis A and is global. According to research, hepatitis G in our country have a higher infection rate, but it can cause liver disease, are still controversial, some people believe that hepatitis G virus is a "virus crossing" or "bystander." TTV hepatitis, TTV was found by the end of 1997 with a new post-transfusion hepatitis-related virus. A preliminary study showed that, TTV many of the hepatitis B virus with similar characteristics can cause fulminant hepatitis, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis can cause chronic carriers. But the study has just started, remains to be seen.

Knowledge of hepatitis B virus

2008-12-22T08:21:00.001-08:00

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a liver tropic virus DNA in mammals section of a virus. Complete HBV particle diameter of only 42nm, also known as Dane particles. The tiny particles coated with the core into two parts. On the envelope protein is often said that the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBsAg itself does not infectious. Contains the core of the core antigen (HBcAg) and e antigen (HBeAg), and so on, is the main body of viral replication. HBV strong resistance, tolerance to 60 ℃ 4 hours and the general concentration of disinfectant, boil for 10 minutes, 65 ℃ 10 hours or high-pressure steam sterilization can be inactivated. 30-32 ℃ in the serum to save for 6 months, -20 ℃ in 15 years to save. Primates such as chimpanzees, and so susceptible to the HBV, and as experimental animals. HBV in vitro have not yet achieved satisfactory results. The HBV antigen-antibody system: 1. Antigens on the surface and surface antibody (anti-HBs) adults exposed to HBV after the first 1-2 weeks, 11-12 weeks at the latest blood in the first HBsAg. In patients with chronic and asymptomatic carriers in a sustainable existence for many years. Anti-HBs seen in the HBsAg negative after a period of time, the disease in the recovery phase began in 6-12 months and gradually rose to a peak, after falling gradually to negative 10 years, is a kind of protective antibodies. In addition to the foreign blood, HBsAg was also present in various body fluids and secretions such as saliva, urine, semen, is an indirect indicator of the existence of HBV. 2. Core antigen and core antibody (anti-HBc) in the serum of anti-HBc seen in the emergence of HBsAg after 3-5 weeks, when anti-HBs has not yet appeared, HBsAg have disappeared, only to the detection of anti-HBc, at this stage as the Window period (windowphase). IgM anti-HBs hepatitis B exists only in the acute stage of chronic hepatitis and acute phase, meaning the differential diagnosis. Low level of HBV infection, the serum can occur in a separate anti-HBc-positive. 3.e with e-antigen (anti-HBe) HBeAg generally only found in the serum HBsAg positive, HBV is a copy of the activities and marking communicable important. Anti-HBe exist for a long time, has prompted HBV DNA and host DNA integration.

Hepatitis B surface antigen-positive people can do on marriage and child rearing?

2008-12-22T08:19:00.002-08:00

According to China's national conditions, in the marriage of young people have a higher proportion of people living with hepatitis B surface antigen positive, they are day-to-day work and study the impact on small, but often can not be right to deal with issues such as birth and marriage and Trouble. At present, modern medicine has entered the era of molecular biology, medical scientists in the study of molecular cell replication portfolio, many people simply whether or not hepatitis B surface antigen positive infectious, resulting in a lot of doubt, and that in this type of crowd, At least 20% of the people may not have infectious, and the state was carrying. Now accepted view is that the surface antigen positive, highly infectious, and people living with such treatment should be considered before marriage and fertility problems. If the party is on the surface antigen positive, can check e antigen and antibody e. If the e-positive-negative and e antigen, on its very infectious, together with normal liver function, it can safely married with children. If a party e antigen-positive and-negative e, or both were negative, while the other, such as surface-positive on the other side has had a hepatitis B immunity does not affect the marriage; If the surface of antibody negative, then On the other side without immunity, hepatitis B, should be the other party to the hepatitis B vaccine injection, to obtain immunity until after marriage to consider the issue. Surface antigen-positive, before marriage to the best hospital for a medical examination before marriage, about the same time, detection of liver function. If the woman's liver function tests abnormal, and accompanied by fatigue, liver symptoms such as discomfort zone should be active treatment, appropriate to postpone marriage, couples should wait patiently for their rehabilitation. Marriage should pay attention to simple wedding ceremony, the feast of the peak, the honeymoon trip of the day, the excitement of living will increase the burden to the liver. Can the marriage of pregnancy, the best doctors make specific requests, not for the time being, such as pregnancy, contraception tool should be used, not the use of oral contraceptives in order to avoid increasing the burden on the liver.

How to treat asymptomatic carriers (ASC), learning, and social life?

2008-12-22T08:19:00.001-08:00

Asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus (ASC) is mainly transmitted through blood exposure to lead, no sense of their own signs and symptoms of hepatitis, the liver function tests normal, with no more than half a year to observe abnormal changes as a result of hepatitis B virus will not Respiratory or digestive tract through the normal transmission to another person, the ASC in their daily lives and social contacts will not cause the spread of crimes against other people, they should work as usual, learning, living and social obligations and rights. Work: ASC is not suitable for addition to food and dining utensils, improper medical staff operating room, not as a nurse, work or other normal participation of various sectors should not refuse to receive; colleagues, friends should not Afraid to shake hands with a look at documents, books, and even alienation; stomatitis virus Virus DNA belonging to a diameter of 42nm complete virus particle, also known as Dane particles, at shells and the core of two parts, shell-bearing surface antigen and the former S gene product, was shell diameter of 22nm with the ball loop control, the virus is the excess protein. No infectious case itself. Core ring with the double-stranded DNA, the entire core of the core antigen (HBsAg), e antigen is The core fragment (HBeAg). Learning: in 1999 the college entrance examination system has made the appropriate changes before the ASC can not apply the provisions of the institution, now most of the cancellation of the terms, ASC and the health of people enjoy the same learning opportunities and rights. Aspects of marriage and child rearing: ASC has the right to marry, but pre-marital check to be taken seriously, such as spouses check liver function to normal, anti-HBs has been positive, the Home should be approved by marriage, if the hepatitis B virus for the second half of the five full-time overcast, Health care should be the prevention of hepatitis B vaccine injection procedure, to be 3-7 months after the body produce protective antibodies until marriage; ASC women of normal pregnancy, childbirth, but the fetus was born in the 24-hour period, it is necessary to hepatitis B vaccine injection, and By 0,1,6-month period of active immunization injections for two-positive mothers of newborns, should be added within 48 hours of high-specific immunoglobulin (HBIG), will enable 90% -95% of infant Protection. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B and immune response are intertwined and complicated, and the prevention of hepatitis B the most effective way is to understand the source of infection and transmission. Other areas: from the medical point of view, ASC clear the hepatitis B virus in the body's immune mechanisms are indeed some weaknesses, it should be regular follow-up inspection, to avoid fatigue, it is necessary to do any work, and maintain a happy mood, improve the quality of personal hygiene, prevention of self-conscious Blood, saliva, urine and other body fluids contaminated secretions around the family environment, public environment.

How is Hepatitis B spread

2008-12-22T08:18:00.001-08:00

Dissemination of body fluids is the main way to spread hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus containing the blood and body fluids through blood transfusion and blood products (including whole blood, plasma, and serum gamma globulin, etc.), the collective vaccination, such as acupuncture and drug injection And the dissemination of the way. The syringe sterilized, such as hospitals strictly, or even to do endoscopy, colonoscopy, laparoscopy, endoscopy and so on choledochoscope or involved in a variety of treatment and surgery can cause spread of intubation. And a considerable number of them are living in close contact with infected before. Studies have shown that the patient's saliva, semen and vaginal secretion in both the hepatitis virus may contain, so single-minded sexual behavior is not caused by hepatitis viruses such wide dissemination of important ways. Although the purification of blood products and disposable syringes and acupuncture needles to promote the dissemination of injection so that the proportion has dropped, due to the sensitivity of the screening method of injecting drug users, as well as restrictions on the mode of transmission is not easy to eradicate in a short period of time in the future by the spread of injecting Still the main way, living in close contact with the secondary transmission. Hepatitis B Virus after placenta can also be spread to the birth canal or the baby, but also through breast-feeding, feeding, etc. to the baby. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus in China about the proportion of infants infected with HBV in 1 / 3. As for the blood-sucking insects (such as mosquitoes) although the spread of hepatitis B virus may be, but the lack of sufficient evidence.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B-related knowledge

2008-12-22T08:16:00.000-08:00

Hepatitis is a serious harm to the broad masses of the people of a common disease. Among them, as viral hepatitis A, according to the Ministry of Health survey, from 1992 to 1995, China's population for hepatitis A infection rate 80.9%; hepatitis B infection rate was 57.6 percent; accordingly projections about our 970,000,000 People have been infected with hepatitis A virus; 690,000,000 people have been infected or are infected with hepatitis B virus, 1.2 million people carry hepatitis B virus, the virus inflammation has become a very serious public health problem should be of great importance to the community, to strengthen prevention To reduce the incidence and prevalence of control. We are here to tell us about the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B-related knowledge: Hepatitis B Virus DNA belonging to the virus, with a diameter of 42nm complete virus particle, also known as Dane particles, at shells and the core of two parts, including Shell and the former surface antigen S gene product, was shell diameter of 22nm and possession of ball Central, the excess protein is a Virus. No infectious case itself. Core ring with the double-stranded DNA, the entire core of the core antigen (HBsAg), e antigen is the core fragment (HBeAg). Hepatitis B virus does not directly damage liver cells, liver injury is caused by the body's immune response. Hepatitis B virus infection in the liver cells, liver cells can change the surface of the antigen and to stimulate T cells become sensitized lymphocytes, the body also had a corresponding anti-liver cell membrane antigen antibody, they attack with the virus Liver cells, to clear the virus at the same time, leading to the breakdown of liver cells, degeneration and necrosis, the normal immune response are generally expressed in acute icterohepatitis in the recovery of immune function enough to clear the virus and the body was recovered. Immune function over The strong can be a severe hepatitis, because a large number of viruses have been eliminated at the same time, a wide range of liver cells have been destroyed. If the body-specific cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune deficiencies are, to reduce the cycle of T cells, the lack of anti-HBs, and therefore can not Clear the virus, inhibiting their reproduction, and some liver cells in the sensitized cells under constant is damaged, Buyu make lasting changes, the formation of chronic active hepatitis. Minor damage to persons with chronic persistent hepatitis; if the patient's T cells Very poor function, the virus can be free to enter and leave the cell, continued proliferation of reproduction, a large amount of HBsAg, but the liver cell degeneration and necrosis very minor, to become carriers of HBsAg. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B and immune response are intertwined and complicated, and the prevention of hepatitis B the most effective way is to understand the source of infection and transmission. The source of infection of hepatitis B: acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis patients and virus carriers. The route of transmission of hepatitis B: 1. Spread of blood and blood products (transfusion and injection); 2. Iatrogenic spread (syringes, needles, blood collection devices, acupuncture needles, surgical blades, Oral equipment, endoscopy, etc.); 3. Close contact (hepatitis B patient's blood, saliva, tissue fluid, semen, urine can be detected HBV, therefore, will be available through sexual intercourse, such as hepatitis B virus to each other); 4. Mother to child transmission (most of them in the Birth, with hepatitis B virus from the mother's vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, the blood of newborns into the mouth and nose, stomach infection caused by the other part of the breast-feeding for infants and lead to kiss). Prevention of Hepatitis B: 1. Hepatitis B patients and virus carriers should pay attention to the isolation (with separate sanitary), the room can be equipped with a little potassium permanganate, formaldehyde, about 70ml, can produce a sharp smoke, to close Indoor smoke doors and windows goods; 2. Relating to the management sector (government departments to deal with sanitation and food hygiene to a unified monitoring and management); 3. The management of blood donors; 4. To strengthen the management of iatrogenic transmission; 5. Hepatitis B vaccine Immunization, safe and effective vaccine made to protect the rate of 90%.

Hepatitis B knowledge

2008-12-22T08:14:00.000-08:00

1. The concept of hepatitis B Hepatitis B is caused by HBV infectious diseases worldwide. Around the world more than 300,000,000 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, of which China accounted for about 130,000,000 people, and 1 / 4 of the carriers can develop into chronic liver disease. Through mother to child transmission, neonatal HBV infection after about a 80% to 90% become chronic HBV carriers, calculated in accordance with the relevant data, about 80? 000,000 infants become carriers of HBV, as part of the baby after years of development Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer has a direct impact on the health of the next generation. Hepatitis B infection is the source of acute and chronic hepatitis B patients and HBV carriers, with chronic hepatitis B patients and carriers of the most important. Chimpanzees, gibbons, and other primates can also be transmitted to the source, but is largely meaningless. Hepatitis B and non-jaundice jaundice ratio of 1:1. Due to the high proportion of non-jaundice, is often misdiagnosed. As a result, the type of hepatitis B is a very important source of infection. 2. Mode of transmission of hepatitis B Hepatitis B transmission wide and complex, can be broadly divided into the following areas: (1) iatrogenic spread Iatrogenic spread of hepatitis B is one of the major route of transmission; it mainly through blood transfusion or blood products, or the patient's blood and body fluids of medical devices and materials, or accidental ingestion of contaminated blood and body fluids, and so on, so that the hepatitis B By the virus into the skin or mucous membrane of human infection. Between patients and medical workers, patients and between patients may exist, either directly or indirectly spread. (2) mother to child transmission The world is mother to child transmission of hepatitis B transmission. My mother to child transmission rate of an average of 60%. Pregnant women from the time of the occurrence of hepatitis B nearer the date of birth, infants infected with hepatitis B, the higher the risk. 6 months pregnant for the first occurrence of hepatitis B, there is enough time to produce antibodies, so that the protection of the fetus, only 6% of infants infected; pregnancy occurred in the last 3 months of hepatitis B, 69% of infants infected; post in the first 2 months took place Hepatitis B, 75% of infected infants. The latter part of pregnancy increased rate of infection may be caused by the leakage and the placenta, uterine and more easily through the placenta-related. HBV-DNA-positive mothers of newborns HBsAg-positive was significantly higher than the rate of HBV-DNA-negative mothers of newborns. All HBV-DNA in the mother's serum concentration is greater than 10pg/10ul, even if the birth of their children to receive hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG joint prevention, it is difficult to prevent HBV infection. HBeAg-positive babies born to mothers in 85% become carriers of HBsAg, HBeAg-negative mothers and infants born to be only 31% of people living with HBsAg, anti-HBe-positive babies born to mothers only 12.3 percent become HBsAg positive . Mother, the higher the titer of serum HBsAg, HBV infection in infants, the higher the percentage. When the mother of blood for HBsAg titer 1:32,1:128,1:256 and 1:512, the percentage of infants infected with HBV were 22.2% and 50%, 65.2% and 88.8%. Birth mothers carrying HBsAg vaginal secretions and newborn infants throat secretions, stomach contents HBsAg-positive rate of 95%, 30% of amniotic fluid. HBsAg-positive mother's milk, saliva, menstrual blood can be found to HBsAg. The reasons for occur mother to child transmission: ① through maternal-child benefit to infiltrate into the fetus; ② maternal blood or other body fluids infected mothers infant trauma or conjunctival surface; ③ baby in the delivery process, as I swallowed maternal blood, amniotic fluid or vaginal secretions. (3) sexual contact Sexual contact is an important route of transmission of HBV. HB3Ag of people living with hepatitis B or saliva, semen and vaginal secretion can be detected in HBV, therefore, can be transmitted through sexual intercourse HBV to the other side. name = "yg3"> 3. What are the types of hepatitis B? What are the clinical manifestations? The performance of the B complex, with the body's immune status is very close. A strong immune response can occur with severe acute hepatitis, cell immunocompromised persons vulnerable to chronic hepatitis and chronic carriers of the virus, and anti-liver cell membrane antibody component directly damage the liver cells' antibody or drug-dependent lymphocyte reaction (ADCC) of the Liver damage. Liver cell genome HBV-DNA and the integration of hepatitis B virus gene mutation can lead to chronic hepatitis. Tc cells in the liver cell membrane to identify the virus antigen, attacks the liver cells, so that the release of HBV, such as low immune function, it is difficult to clear HBV, were long-term sustainability of HBV infection and eventually can lead to the occurrence of liver cancer. For these reasons, can lead to several clinical types. (1) of acute hepatitis B super-hidden disease, fever generally not significant in pre-or early jaundice-like disease found in serum response, such as skin rash, joint pain. For the performance of the general fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, liver pain, and other areas. In the symptoms were significantly abnormal liver function examination, most of the patients showed no obvious symptoms, physical examination can be found hepatomegaly, a small number of patients can engage in large and spleen. No acute jaundice type of acute hepatitis B cases accounted for 2 / 3 more than 3-month course of disease, acute jaundice hepatitis B disease accounts for 1 / 3 below the average course of a month or so. (2) chronic hepatitis B is the course of acute hepatitis for more than half a year or more unless these are. Recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms, or do not liver area hepatosplenomegaly, tenderness, texture changes in liver function fluctuations large, dark, spider, liver and palm with foreign multi-organ damage, such as arthritis, nephritis, Colitis, thyroiditis, myocarditis, pleurisy eyes and dry mouth syndrome, and so on. If we do not actively control the treatment of disease, it is easy for the development of liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. (3) of this type of severe hepatitis patients often onset of acute hepatitis, often critical symptoms of the disease within 10 days of the liver in a coma, and other symptoms known as severe acute in more than 10 days after the onset of hepatic coma were known as the emergence of subacute Severe hepatitis. ① severe acute hepatitis (fulminant hepatitis, acute liver necrosis) Onset of acute hepatitis, jaundice better day by day, a clear tendency to bleeding, liver atrophy, liver foul, irritability, delirium, directed or barriers to computing power, lethargy in a coma. A majority of cerebral edema associated with liver and kidney syndrome, or less closed uric azotemia. Serum total bilirubin greater than 171umol / L over, and lower cholinesterase prothrombin time. ② subacute severe hepatitis with severe acute hepatitis in addition to the clinical manifestations, there is a high degree of fatigue, abdominal distension, anorexia and ascites or hepatic coma, liver and kidney syndrome and necrotizing into cirrhosis. ② chronic hepatitis with severe chronic hepatitis, also known as sub-acute liver necrosis. With the performance of the sub-acute hepatic necrosis, but on the basis of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and other chronic liver damage. ④ cholestatic hepatitis B are generally onset of acute hepatitis, as the disease progresses, symptoms and signs, but the resumption of jaundice and by the growing, and other similar type manifestations intrahepatic cholestasis. However, with the exception of bile duct system inside and outside the lesion or obstruction caused by jaundice. This type generally good prognosis. 4. HBsAg medical examination found that those who check what should be done? According to a local hospital conditions. ' (1), hepatitis B infection in two pairs of indicators and a half (or three) and HBV-DNA. (2) at the same time check liver function: ALT, AST, A / G, TBI (total bilirubin), one minute, bilirubin, ALP (alkaline), GGT (Y Zhou Bin advised W  take? . (3) of the liver and spleen B-ultrasound examination, liver and spleen in order to understand patterns of change. 5. Hepatitis B surface antigen in the body exist for how long? (1) HBsAg times After the hepatitis B virus infection, HBsAg for the first marker of the virus. Infection from blood appears to HBsAg intervals, with vaccination and infection related to the number of its channels. If the number of large, the short time interval, about 23 weeks. If the importation of HBsAg-positive blood, blood transfusion after 2 weeks can be detected HBsAg. Radioimmunoassay method, in 6 days after inoculation detected HBsAg. If the number of small, long time, up to 34 months, up to 6 months. In general, or 2943 days after infection (1884 days) occurred. (2) and the emergence of symptoms of hepatitis time In general HBsAG appear after 17 weeks (an average of 4 weeks) of symptoms of hepatitis and liver dysfunction, often at this time reached titers of HBsAg close to the peak time. Some people think the symptoms and abnormal liver function occurs early and late infection, blood infected 65 days, orally infected 98 days in the blood appeared in HBsAg. (3) HBsAg duration In the self-limiting infection, the majority of patients with HBsAg in the blood for the duration of 16 weeks; up to a maximum of 20 weeks. In general hepatitis symptoms within 14 weeks, most of the disappeared. Usually in the serum transaminase peaked at 112 weeks after the disappearance of more than 6 months if not disappear, patients may become chronic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. (4) HBsAg spontaneous clearance HBsAg carriers spontaneous clearance rate varies with the virus is integrated into liver cells, whether or not the virus gene mutation and the patient's own immune system related to the state. Domestic data for the report of 28.1 percent, the highest outside of the report was 4.5%. What is asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg? Medical scientists at home and abroad through a large number of clinical and experimental research should be consistent with HBsAg asymptomatic carriers of the three following criteria: (1) sustained positive serum HBsAg for more than six months; (2) normal liver function; no clinical symptoms and signs; (3) examination slight majority of non-specific inflammation of the changes in the offering. H8sAg asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg persist in the blood of up to several years, decades or even for life. Although the symptoms and signs, mostly normal liver function, but there are varying degrees of liver damage. As a result, no longer on the clinical use of the so-called healthy carriers of HBsAg term. And as with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in mildly a hidden process, which may be more objectively reflect the real situation, have been in line with the above-mentioned three criteria for the asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg, as a doctor and I both carriers can not be ignored , On a regular basis to six months to 1 year to review three hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAg, HBcAb) and HBV-DNA, as well as liver function. Understanding of the dynamics of change at any time. 6. Surface antigen positive long-term Why? HBsAg-positive because of continued HBV-DNA with the DNA of host cells occurred in the integration after the integration of HBV-DNA can only express HBsAg, not to express HBeAg and HBcAg, DNA can not be copied, can not be assembled into a complete virus particle, blood Only the shell (HBsAg) is not infected. Now all the anti-viral drugs such integrated HBV without the ability to remove and can not enter the cells to kill HIV, the virus outside the cell only have a certain effect. After the integration of HBV will not be able to copy and re-active, long-term integration of DNA in cells of patients will not be induced cancer and other issues are still controversial, pending further study, but on a regular basis (six months to 1 year) review, if any clinical symptoms Performance should be timely to the hospital for an examination of its understanding of the dynamics of change. 7.HBsAg asymptomatic carriers of the evolution and Vesting Can be divided into the following 4 kinds of situations. (1) after a certain period to carry, some can be spontaneous HBsAg carriers to clear the body of HBsAg. Appear in the blood of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). At this point the body have been cleared HBsAg. (2) the continued stability of HBsAg asymptomatic carrier status, up to several years, decades or even for life, and without the organization and changes in liver function, and so on. (3) some of asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg may appear abnormal liver function, the occurrence of acute hepatitis. The situation with non-HBsAg or twist with acute hepatitis B distinguish: ① can be learned from the history of the family members of patients with chronic hepatitis B carriers of HBsAg, or, as I used to be carriers of HBsAg. ② In addition to HbsAg positive, the early onset of a high titer of anti-HBc. ② HBsAg and HBeAg continued positive and easy for the development of chronic hepatitis B. (4) individual asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg can become chronic. Hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although hepatitis B virus in the liver of the precise role is unclear, but it is the primary factor-induced liver cancer. 8. What is hepatitis B surface antibody? What is the significance? When infected with hepatitis B virus, such as the emergence of hepatitis B surface antibody-positive, that the human body after infection by the hepatitis B virus hepatitis into the recovery phase. If a medical examination found that anti-HBs, is illustrated in the past have been infected with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis B vaccine have been inoculated; anti-HBs is a kind of protective antibodies, the body can maintain a very high titer to prevent hepatitis B virus general Re-infection, such as the input contains a certain number of hepatitis B virus in the blood, can not guarantee 100% no longer subject to the hepatitis B virus infection. ' About 10% of a 20% occurrence of arthritis and skin rash associated with the immune complexes in patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis and hyperlipidemia HBsAg in the beginning of the symptoms can be detected in anti-HBs. The vast majority of self-limiting HBV-infected people, only in the blood after the disappearance of HBsAg detected in anti-HBs. HBsAg in many patients just disappear, that is, using the most sensitive detection methods can not detect anti-HBs. About 1 / 2 of the self-limited hepatitis B virus infection, the disappearance of HBsAg anti-HBs to occur between the time interval of up to several months. About 10% of the transient detection of HBsAg in patients with hyperlipidemia not anti-HBs. Hepatitis B in the recovery phase, anti-HBs gradually increased, sustainable for many years. Anti-HBs occur sooner or later, whether in the past have been infected with hepatitis B virus, infected for the first time appear later, the earlier emergence of infected people again. Infection can also be shown for the first time for hidden infection, the liver and liver function tests were normal histology, the majority of infections in patients after 4-5 months when anti-HBs, and titer is not high, continuing to 6 months 3 years after the disappearance. Re-infected people there is no HBsAg. If the past has been hidden hepatitis B virus infection, anti-HBs titers lower Hepatitis B can prevent infection. In the re-infection of hepatitis B virus, which occurred within 2 weeks of anti-HBs, and high titer. Chronic HBsAg found with the sound, there should be no anti-HBs-positive, but after the disappearance of HBsAg, anti-HBs can occur rapidly. This is because carriers of HBsAg liquid does not completely immune, the body produced by a small amount of antibodies (anti-HBs) have been combined with antigen-antibody complex in China. As a result, the antibodies can not detected, the virus can not produce enough immune response o 9. There is a single anti-HBs-positive exist? Hepatitis B vaccine injection in too high or hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) after a single anti-HBs is normal on the ball for Vaccines and Immunization eggs produced their own immune response. In the normal population of 5% a 10% detected only a single anti-HBs, the majority of low titer, may be non-specific response, HBcAg than the strong immunogenicity of HBsAg, anti-HBc than the anti-HBs Titer relatively much higher, the only anti-HBs without anti-HBc is rare; although a single high titer of specific anti-HBs, often without protective anti-HBs -IgM, does not mean that the resumption of the hepatitis B virus infection or the presence of hepatitis B virus immunization. 10. HBsAb some positive condition has improved, there are occasional HBV-DNA testing positive? How? HBsAb positive for the vast majority of those who can be considered to be infected in the past have some immunity, but there are also about 10% have HBV or HBsAg-positive NA Xun. May be in a transitional period to clear the virus, HBsAg and the gradual removal of HBsAb there are still remnants of the virus is not completely clear. But bearing in mind that there are infected with the mutant possible. Although HBsAb as a result of natural (wild strain) vaccine or infection arising, but later the mutant HBV but does not work, so there is still HBsAg and HBV Xun NA expression and detection. The cluster-type HBV antigens have a, strong immunogenicity, antibody against a resistance to any subtype of HBV infection. In recent years, the adoption of a considerable amount of research that, HBV the S gene mutation, the synthesis of HBsAg encoding the characteristics of change, at the same time the existence of a prototype strain by the response generated by HBsAb, can not be combined with clear and mutation of the antigen is HBsAb both HBsAg and a common cause o 11. How to diagnose hepatitis B? The diagnosis of hepatitis B is more complex and acute hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis B and heavy, chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. According to the epidemiological, clinical symptoms, signs and serological markers of hepatitis B virus, the virus replication signs, liver function, the gene mutation, gene integration, immunology and other related knowledge to judge. Clinical workers, I do not see the B-2 on the results of the just stand and take the two extremes, one to put it is disease-free condition, so that patients do not condition their attention, resulting in the near future or in a few years Into chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and some died quickly deteriorating. Second, some physicians to patients who are very light, and even to patients who have recovered very right, the last of the big dollars on prescription so that the heavy burden of mental patients and lead to a waste of funds. As a result, doctors warned that patients with hepatitis B encounter, such as do not have professional knowledge and clinical experience, not lip service, arbitrary conclusion, should guide patients to specialist clinics, please specialist. Patients should be to have their own specialist skills and good conditions for hospital treatment, do not believe that the newspaper, advertising a variety of media publicity, and it can not please the community of diagnosis and treatment of Youyi, otherwise you have serious consequences. 12. Prognosis of how the hepatitis B? Hepatitis B patients, such as in the acute phase was found in a timely manner, and actively carry out a comprehensive and reasonable treatment, most of them successfully recovered, but the hepatitis B virus in the body's immune-related components are difficult to remove, they often become chronic, persistent few , Repeated liver function impairment (liver disease activity), and eventually turned into cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus infection can occur following: (1)亚临床感染, asymptomatic, have not been vaccinated, but the serum anti-HBs-positive; (2), acute hepatitis, if sustained positive HBsAg after the onset of 6? 2 months or more, may become chronic; (3) asymptomatic carriers; (4) after infection of HBsAg titer than anti-HBs, the formation of smaller elements of HBsAg / anti-HBs immune complex, chronic glomerulonephritis, around tuberous artery complications go far; (5) chronic hepatitis activities can be repeated for the development of severe hepatitis. In general, the hepatitis B virus infection in about 85% of the fully restored, and 5 percent were carrying state (HBsAg positive); 5% showed a 10% chronic hepatitis, about 1% of a 4% were fulminant hepatitis or necrosis of the harmonious, 1 % For the development of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus infection and primary liver cancer closely related. From the perspective of molecular biology, the incidence of HBV and liver cancer relations are the following: (1) of the hepatitis B virus DNA integration, is caused by hepatitis B virus infection after liver cell genome sign of a serious loss of stability could cause the DNA rearrangement, as well as the loss of DNA, which activate or inhibit the growth of some related gene expression, May lead to cancer. (2) in liver cancer free copy of the HBV-NA Xun were defective virus, the virus can not have a full release into the blood, and that such defects may be related to cancer-causing virus, also may be associated with the phenomenon. (3) HBV may be equivalent to the promoter agent, as a result of liver cells, causing cancer-causing chemicals cause cell mutations, and clonal selection by the advantages, and the formation of the proliferation of lesions. (4) HBV infection, so that the liver cells to chemical carcinogens in DNA metabolism and repair process, to enhance the chemical carcinogens and cancer-causing effects of the change. HBsAg carriers of the prognosis, after the observation system, including the liver needle biopsy to prove after, HBsAg carriers are varying degrees of disease, respectively, while the length of time for the performance of various types of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. There are indications HBsAg carriers followed for 12 years, of which 43% of hepatitis occurred. To carry from the occurrence of hepatitis in the shortest possible time a month, the longest in 11 years. An average of 5.4 years. 13. What is Hepatitis B "Dasan Yang" and "Xiao Sanyang," what do they mean? Hepatitis B, "Dasan Yang" is a popular scientific name, generally refers to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were positive. Note the presence of hepatitis B virus in the body, and active hepatitis B virus replication, more infectious. Hepatitis B, "Xiao Sanyang" refers to the HBsAg, HbeAb, HbcAb three positive, indicating reduction of hepatitis B virus replication, to reduce infectious. 14. Make any hepatitis B surface antigen negative drugs? There have not been able to make sure the drug HBsAg negative. Recently on television, radio, newspapers and so much to promote and who is a "negative B", with particular emphasis able to HBsAg negative, the lack of scientific information is based on. Once again warned patients not to easily believe the advertising. HBsAg-positive patients each year, 1% 2% of the natural conversion rate, that is, without any treatment, these patients will be HBsAg negative nature, especially the low titer of HBsAg negative patients more easily. Often encountered in clinical treatment of patients described: "a very high medical doctors, a few injections crush, a few Chinese pay service after the HBsAg negative." This is in fact a doctor just encountered a very low titer of HBsAg (1 or 1:16; 8, etc.), will soon be changing nature of the patients. In recent years, the broad masses of medical workers through hard work, and also HBsAg developed in the conversion of the drug, but the effect is low, generally no more than 10%. Here are HBeAg negative for the drug so that there is HBsAg negative. It is still not satisfactory. Pending further research and development. At present, but also to interferon-based therapy, but also the efficiency of only 40? 0%. 15. Make the hepatitis B e antigen negative drug BCG combined with dipyridamole Hepatitis Ling (broad bean root) injection Hui pig polysaccharide vaccine combined with hepatitis B Ara-AMP (Ara-AMP) combined with thymosin Interferon Zadaxin (thymosin a1) 16. Evaluation of the efficacy of interferon Interferon treatment, often a reduction in the level or ALT normalization (in the treatment of a possible transient rise and then drop), HBV replication targets, HBsAg, HBV-DNA negative, stable condition, the general improvement of the situation. The effect of up to 50%. Some of the patients after the drug effective in the treatment of 6? 2 months relapse occurred, but the use of interferon is still valid. At this stage of a variety of drug treatment and removal of HBsAg is difficult to achieve the purpose of interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis B, so that is also not satisfied with the HBsAg negative. As a result, can not be too high, at present can not be HBsAg negative as the standard treatment. Interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis B, although satisfactory, but its effect is a scientific and objective, after all over the world repeatedly Clinical examination and strict verification, and completely reliable. Interferon not only inhibit replication of the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B virus removal, and can greatly improve the histology of the liver diseases, the prevention of cirrhosis, liver cancer incidence. So far, a drug used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, antiviral, a drug which has not yet able to match with interferon. 24. Desirable of hepatitis B combination rule At present, the treatment of chronic hepatitis B drug several dozens, how to select an effective drug, how this combination? Here are several clinical tests would have to do by the effect of the combination of drugs and programs. Interferon-adult period of infection, increased aminotransferase (ALT), a virus replication in patients with good effect, the use of six months to one year, will enable 30% to 40% of patients with HBV-DNA or HBeAg negative, the restoration of liver function. However, some patients with poor prices and more expensive, has more side effects. Nucleoside drug lamivudine which inhibit viral replication and reduce the liver necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis and improve liver function. However, the need to take a long time and attention to the emergence of drug resistance. Oxymatrine wild plants for the extraction of bitter beans medicine, is "Ninth Five-Year Plan" key "Chronic hepatitis B drug treatment program of the new study" drug issues. There are drug suppression of hepatitis B virus, 3 months after treatment for hepatitis B patients with HBeAg and HBV-DNA negative conversion rates were 44.4 percent and 45.3 %, May also improve liver function, Huang returned to prevent cirrhosis, elevated white blood cell, so far found no obvious side effects, the drugs interferon was only 1 / 10. To enhance the efficacy, relapse prevention, the best combination, that is, anti-viral drugs, such as adjustment to increase immunity, such as: Oxymatrine + Levamisole coating agent, Oxymatrine thymosin +, + interferon Oxymatrine, interference +-Lamivudine, lamivudine + + Oxymatrine rhubarb Shu Wan Deng insects in the Pro The bed is used. If the liver, anti-fibrosis drugs to prevent the occurrence or development of liver cirrhosis. 25. Hepatitis virus, "a number" of governance At present, hepatitis B screening is the most commonly used method of hepatitis B virus antigens and antibodies measured, "a full set of HBV." However, the check is the hepatitis B virus antigens of these antigens and human immune response and can not represent the virus itself, no way of knowing how many of the virus in the body. Alternatively, PCR, years of clinical trials have proved that conventional PCR false-positive rate, false negative rate is too high, poor reproducibility, and not quantitative. In recent years, the successful development of a new fluorescent quantitative PCR for the emergence of hepatitis B diagnostic test provides a new means of a large number of clinical specimens results proved that the specificity of 100%, sensitivity of up to 0.01fg (10-12mg), equivalent to 2.5 A hepatitis B virus particles. FQ-PCR of the following conditions are unique in the diagnosis: Screening of patients before treatment with lamivudine, interferon patients and the efficacy of the amount of virus closely related to the treatment of the virus prior to the quantitative examination can guide the selection of antiviral drugs so as to avoid blind medication. Observation of the efficacy of treatment because of a full set of results of hepatitis B virus in the body can not reflect the volume of the number, we can not accurately judge the efficacy of the drug, and the fluorescence quantitative PCR direct and accurate determination of the number of virus in the body help to determine the effect. Birth mothers to guide the body of the number of hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection of hepatitis B is an important factor. Pre-pregnancy check for fluorescence quantitative PCR, will help choose a favorable time to pregnancy. Pregnant women for hepatitis B FQ-PCR examination to help accurately estimate the risk of intrauterine infection. The patient's diagnosis of problems are still 10% to 15% of the viral pathogen is unknown, fluorescence quantitative PCR can check some of the patients received the correct diagnosis in a timely manner. B-positive review of recent studies have shown that a small number of B-positive hepatitis B virus still exist in the body, especially those with symptoms and signs of hepatitis, liver function abnormalities should be more fluorescent quantitative PCR examination to promote the rehabilitation of patients. The early diagnosis of hepatitis B surface antigen occurred in the past to determine whether the hepatitis B infection. 26. Deprivation in patients with hepatitis garlic Garlic's active ingredient has strong anti-bacterial effect, diphtheria, dysentery, typhoid, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a strong antibacterial and bactericidal action, but so far not been found in garlic has anti-viral hepatitis. On the other hand, some components of garlic have a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, can inhibit gastric secretion of digestive enzymes that affect the appetite and digestion and absorption of food. According to the study, garlic essential oil of red blood cells make blood, to reduce the white blood red, such as anemia caused by disease, hepatitis treatment and rehabilitation of patients with very unfavorable.

Hepatitis general knowledge

2008-12-22T08:12:00.000-08:00

1. In the human liver in what role? A: The liver in the human body is like a huge "chemical plant." Metabolism in the liver juice production, detoxification, blood, immune, the heat generated in the regulation of electrolytes and water plays a very important role. It is the most important human organs, one multi-functional, so sick of the liver may be reflected in many aspects of the body, such as: Digestive dysfunction, caused by loss of appetite, tired of oil, nausea, vomiting and so on. Liver cell damage caused by enzymes, such as increased serum aminotransferase, and lower cholinesterase. Can be caused by fatigue, tired easily, sleepiness, and so on. Bilirubin metabolism can be caused by jaundice. Sugar metabolism can be caused by changes in blood lipid content; cholesterol synthesis and esterification in being able to cut; fat metabolism may be the formation of fatty liver. Albumin synthesis obstacles, leading to severe ascites, pleural effusion, and so on. Type of vitamin metabolism can be caused by rough skin, night blindness, inflammation of persuasion, swelling, bleeding skin, osteoporosis and so on. Synthetic clotting factor obstacles can be caused by bleeding gums, nasal bleeding and so on Hormone metabolism may be caused by loss of libido, menstrual disorders, skin and arteries to expand. Spider appeared, liver palms, dark face, and so on. 2. Route of transmission of hepatitis B virus What? A: Spread of blood-borne: accept hepatitis B virus through contaminated blood or blood products. Mother to child transmission: hepatitis B virus spread through the placenta (intrauterine transmission), or pregnant women in childbirth from the birth canal spread (dissemination of perinatal). Iatrogenic spread: medical devices, such as hepatitis B virus have been sterilized without pollution or improper handling can cause the spread. Sexual contact: sexual promiscuity, homosexuality and sexual contact between husband and wife sex life did not take protective measures. Close contact: hepatitis B patients or carriers of blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk may contain hepatitis B virus may be contaminated equipment, goods and infectious. 3. Why do some patients with hepatitis will be transformed into chronic hepatitis, severe hepatitis? Impact on the health of patients with hepatitis, persistent Buyu What are the factors? A: The type of hepatitis virus infection: If you are suffering from hepatitis A or hepatitis E, in general will not turn into chronic hepatitis; if it is suffering from hepatitis B, C, D or hepatitis G, the impact of a variety of reasons, 6 months after the body was still These can not clear the virus, clinical easy to chronic hepatitis. Infected person's immune status: If the body's immune response to normal, you can clear the virus invasion, so that the body recovered smoothly. If the lower immune response (especially against the hepatitis C virus-specific immune function), low levels of interferon in the body, and in the formation of antibodies to the virus and the lack of complete inability to clear the virus, the liver cell injury sustained by, for the development of chronic hepatitis ; 5-10 years after the patients of liver cirrhosis; or even primary liver cancer 4. Hepatitis B virus infection in childhood is what the prognosis? According to epidemiological data speculated that women of childbearing age to hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive rate of 7% and 25% of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive mothers from the spread; about 60% after birth from 1 -- 5-year-old at the time of the level of communication, Taken together, 85% of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriers, who by the hepatitis B virus infection can occur in young children during the period. In life or in the early infancy, as the body still in development, immune function in very premature to identify and remove the virus's ability to extremely weak, vulnerable to hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, but with age, the body of B Liver infection of the liver cells and the virus antigen has been detected, from immune paralysis that has gradually become functional at this time, there will also clear the virus response, some people appear on the clinical symptoms of hepatitis, testing or inspection can be found transaminase High, which was diagnosed as acute hepatitis. The process is a gradual change in the development process, but because of relatively large individual differences, some from childhood had taken place, most of them in adult later. 5. Hepatitis B positive professional candidates who limit has been reported A: According to the requirements of the Ministry of Education, College Entrance Examination candidates should be willing to carry out anti-hepatitis B surface and transaminase check. If the test results for hepatitis B surface antigen positive, but aminotransferase (A, L, T) normal, according to medical standards will be able to apply, but there are limited professional. Restricted to professional: pre-school education, marine technology, technology of flight. Specialty cooking techniques, science and engineering equipment. If the hepatitis B surface antigen negative and transaminase more than the normal individual, it is necessary to rule out the interference of other factors, such as colds, alcohol, excessive fatigue, medication (anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers or other effects of changes in liver function drugs) and so on, we can make a review Request. On the principle of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive people in general do not go. 6. The number of patients with hepatitis in China? A: The whole world about 300,000,000 people living with hepatitis B virus. In China, there are about 2 million 100,000,000, 30,000,000 are chronic hepatitis B patients in the community movement of more than 200 each year 10,000 cases of acute hepatitis occurred as a result of my liver disease deaths each year about 350,000. One half of primary liver cancer. Hepatitis B has become a health hazard to the people of our country faced the most extensive, the most serious consequences of a contagious disease. 7. Infant by the mother caused by the spread of hepatitis B ratio of the number? Can prevent it? Answer: about 75-150 million pregnant women for hepatitis B virus carriers, such as do not take effective preventive measures, HBsAg-positive mothers of newborns born in about 50-90% of the babies may be infected with hepatitis B virus, the neonatal period Hepatitis B virus infection in 90% of those who can carry the virus long-term, the youth can be symptoms of hepatitis appear; minority in the prime of life occurred during the so-called "hidden prototype" cirrhosis or liver cancer. HBsAg-positive mothers of newborns can be genetically engineered to prevent hepatitis B vaccine immunization throughout: infants born after the injection of HBIG (high price of hepatitis B immunoglobulin), in 2-4 weeks after the program 0,1,6 muscle Hepatitis B vaccine injection, each 5μg. (Blood-borne hepatitis B vaccine each 30μg, has now been replaced by genetic engineering vaccine). 8. Viral hepatitis patients on how to proceed with medical treatment? A: Drug treatment of its principles are: 1) acute hepatitis a. Type A and E: are generally not translated into chronic, mainly in support of therapy and symptomatic treatment. According to the source may be around the drug, according to local conditions, the in-place choice of Western medicine or Chinese herbal medicine treatment, but should be careful not to abuse drugs. Pregnant women suffering from hepatitis E should be closely observed to prevent re-occurrence of liver. b. B: The real difference is acute or chronic hepatitis B acute hepatitis B, hepatitis A deal with the former, the latter according to the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (in particular anti-retroviral therapy). c. C: There are some cases of early diagnosis difficult, as soon as possible to check anti-HCV and HCV RNA, according to the diagnosis of hepatitis A deal with suspicious persons, 6 months, unless these are dealt with in accordance with chronic hepatitis C. 2) Chronic hepatitis: (including B, C, D) should be based on the specific circumstances of patients taking anti-viral and immune adjustment, the protection of liver cells to prevent liver fibrosis, such as improving microcirculation combination of Chinese and Western therapy. 3) severe hepatitis should be enhanced care, custody for close observation of the disease, liver cells continue to be taken to block necrosis, and promote the growth of liver cells, improve the microcirculation of the liver, the prevention and treatment of various complications (such as hepatic encephalopathy, brain edema, Hemorrhage, renal failure, infection, electrolyte imbalance, ascites, low blood sugar) until comprehensive measures to strengthen and support the therapy. 9. HBV markers What is the meaning? Answer: 1) HBsAg and anti-HBs: HBsAg-positive patients now show the existence of HBV infection, but are HBsAg-negative HBV infection can not be ruled out as there might be pre-S mutant gene exists. Anti-HBs-positive may have prompted the adoption of vaccination in the past or HBV infection of produce immunity, anti-HBs negative description of the HBV-prone, needs hepatitis B vaccine injection. 2) HBeAg and anti-HBe: HBeAg-positive continued to show the existence of active HBV replication, suggesting that more infectious, easy to chronic. Anti-HBe-positive continued to prompt the low level of HBV replication, HBV DNA and may have been the host DNA integration and long-term potential down. 3) HBcAg and anti-HBc: HBcAg with positive significance. Low titer of anti-HBc-positive infections in the past for prompt, high titer of anti-HBc-positive are prompted to have HBV activity of reproduction, may be low. 4) HBV DNA in serum HBV DNA positive activity have shown that HBV replication, memory, blood circulation in the HBV particles, the more infectious liver cells positive for HBV DNA has been integrated with the host DNA and down the long-term potential. 10. What are asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg? You need treatment? A: asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg is the serum HBsAg positive, but no objective symptoms of disease and physical examination and liver function, B, and so ultra-normal, in the past referred to as "healthy living", currently known as asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg, This is part of China's population accounts for 10% of the population -15% of people can not be engaged in addition to blood donation, preschools and Yin Fu industry, as usual can work, study. At present, no treatment, but bearing in mind the following: 1) a reasonable nutrition. 2) Do not fatigue: in general, can learn. 3) Jijiu, Jiyong all drug liver damage. 4) maintain a happy spirit. 5) reviewed on a regular basis: 40 years of age are not more than 6 months, no more than 40 years of age 3 months. Review projects, including liver function (including GT), B-chao, a fetal ball (AFP). To see if there is no hepatitis, liver cancer appear. Although some patients have normal liver function, but still in the development of liver inflammation. Therefore, one can not check liver function, but must be combined with B-ultrasound, both of which continue as normal to continue to be observed. Once the two unusual that hepatitis is still evolving, it must be in accordance with the above-mentioned treatment of chronic hepatitis. 6) drug: temporarily without treatment, antiviral drugs on liver function in patients with normal results than on the effect of abnormal liver function, as a result, such as abnormal liver function when they re-use. This is because the abnormal liver function is often said that the body immunity to the virus have launched attacks to clear the virus in a period of time in the application of anti-viral effect will be better. 11. Hepatitis B surface antigen carriers should pay attention to the following: A: 1) can not be blood donors; preschools and can not engage in the work of Yin Fu. 2) In the parts of the body of a minor injury, inflammation of the skin or epistaxis when dealing with their own as far as possible, yet at the hospital before treatment, family or colleagues to accept the deal, as far as possible to prevent the blood and secretions and contact with others; 3) special razor, toothbrush, and other daily necessities, the loan can not be shared with others; 4) of milk to feed young children can not be directly mouth kissing or food; 5) deal with the period after the application of mobile hand-washing water for 10 minutes to burn paper to deal with menstruation; 6) urine, feces flow of water washing after a few minutes. If more attention to the matter, the family living habits do not change the need and has no need to limit the general activities of daily living and work, but it should be accepted on a regular basis (3-6 months) inspection. Middle-aged should do after the ultra-B and AFP (AFP) regular inspection. 12. Hepatitis patients on the proper rest and nutrition reasonable? A: Adequate rest In the current treatment for hepatitis, no drug effects, the rest is the most appropriate treatment measures. Suffering from acute hepatitis, should be "quiet". In general, many doctors advocate bed rest for a period of time. This is because bed rest, you can reduce the physical consumption, but also increase the liver's blood flow. The experiments show that bed rest when the blood flow, than to stand, 40% per cent more. Therefore, bed rest, to ensure the regeneration of the repair needed nutrients. The better to rest, his condition is improving faster, more complete. If the patient began to have symptoms of jaundice, when jaundice subsided, the symptoms improved significantly after a day of activities to get up to 12 hours, but patients should not feel the fatigue as the least. , Along with the gradual improvement of the condition, growing activities, we must not grasp the degree of fatigue. However, after a meal or to stay in bed for 12 hours. In the recovery period, the patient's activity can be increased, it is necessary to "move, step by step." It was not until the symptoms disappeared, normal liver function examination, the patient will be able to carry out a certain period of time every day of the exercise. These training activities to a small amount, such as a walk, play tai chi, qigong Lian Lian. So after one or two months of close observation, his condition has always been stable, normal liver function, the patient can return to work. A half-day start, a gradual transition to full-time work. However, even if it is to restore the Quanri Ban should also avoid the intense physical activity, to engage in mental work, have to be careful not to overwork at the same time to ensure adequate time for sleep. Reasonable nutrition In the deployment of a reasonable diet, with the rest, hepatitis is an important treatment. Hepatitis patients want to eat eat, but should not blindly pursue the "three high and one low" (referring to high-sugar, high-protein, high vitamin and low fat) diet. Or eat some fresh vegetables and fruits as well. Some patients had hepatitis, desperately sugar, so to say, "the liver." In fact, this is a misunderstanding, because too much sugar, can lead to fatty liver, hepatitis add to the original lesion. In addition, too much sugar, invisible in the liver and pancreas to increase the burden on the body so that the occurrence of glucose metabolism disorders. Protein is not too good. This is because the protein into the human body, will increase the burden on the liver. Some people got hepatitis, in particular, fear of fat, greasy food is not Ganchi, this is not good, fat is an important source of energy for the human body, low fat the body can not meet the needs of patients

Hepatitis B carriers or patients themselves how to deal with

2008-12-22T08:10:00.002-08:00

Since 1990, in Shanghai, Beijing and other big cities, neonatal hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate has reached more than 90% of the surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive rate of immunization in children has dropped to less than 1%, but not vaccinated crowd HBsAg The positive rate of an average of more than 90% or more in many regions, it is our country there are still a large number of people living with hepatitis B virus, known as asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus (ASC). 1, ASC's diagnostic criteria Diagnosis of ASC, should be in accordance with: ① HBsAg positive, including the so-called or Dasan Yang Xiao Sanyang; ② normal liver function tests; ③ not have symptoms and signs of liver disease; ④ B super-normal. 2, ASC's prognosis Recently, Wuhan City business for a long time to pay the hospital staff doctor on the Island 860 16 to 39-year-old ASC to conduct a 10-year follow-up observation, the results are: ① 10 years, no change in the indicators were 777 people, accounting for 90.2 percent; ② because of symptoms or signs of abnormal liver function, to correct for chronic hepatitis were 46, accounting for 5.3 percent; ③ as a result of symptoms and signs and B-ultrasound and diagnosed with cirrhosis were 42 cases, accounting for 4.9%, of which 39 cases in the 10-year observation period, found no increased transaminase, accounting for 92.9 percent of cirrhosis , As a result of complications of cirrhosis of the death of 1, indicating the vast majority of ASC prognosis is good, and the elimination of the virus is very slow. 3, ASC of liver disease Nanjing Military Region General Hospital Pathology and director of the Tai had normal ALT and HB-sAg positive recruits (17 to 20 years old) who has made more than 200 liver tissue pathology research and found that nearly 40% of liver inflammation, in which 18% More can be diagnosed as chronic active hepatitis (which is now known as chronic hepatitis or severe), more than can be diagnosed as chronic persistent type (this was mild chronic hepatitis), from the pathological point of view, these can be diagnosed with occult hepatitis B Hepatitis. Combination of 2 or more information on the 10% of the ASC will become chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, which is part of the human hepatitis occurred in hiding. These are the results of the observation of 10 years, if longer, to develop into chronic hepatitis ratio will be more; also shows that nearly half of the virus on the basis of the liver is not good, these people do if the B-ultrasound is visible point The uneven diagnosed with chronic liver disease, timely treatment may prevent cirrhosis or other complications. 4, how to prevent from the ASC to develop into chronic hepatitis patients ASC from the development of a hepatitis patients are not necessarily a bad thing, because patients with hepatitis through the body's immune response to clear the virus back to health. China's population of hepatitis B virus infection rate of 60% on average a little more, the vast majority of infected through the normal immune response to clear the virus and recovered, but 10% to 20% of the conversion or develop into chronic liver cirrhosis, our The purpose is to avoid becoming chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. No hepatitis symptoms, signs, liver function and B-ultrasound are normal, state your immune system, in particular cells of the immune system, that is, since the body of lymphocyte cells in the body of the virus does not respond lymphocytes can not be identified with the virus The liver cells, nor to damage liver cells, and peaceful coexistence with the virus; if it belongs to mother to child transmission or infection in infancy is often as immune tolerance, in which some people infected with the virus and liver cell nuclear integration is difficult to remove; if This is the infection, the change in the constitution, and to restore normal immune system, the lymphocytes will be able to identify the virus with the liver cells, damage to liver cells (elevated transaminase at this time) to clear the virus, the liver on performance Inflammation, that is, liver necrosis, the disease through in order to clear the virus back to health. According to scholars in Taiwan to observe the virus, each of the 3% to 7% of the virus disappear indicators (that the natural conversion of natural or conversion rate); immunity if the disease is less than the sustained, protracted and become chronic, plus some Liver adverse factors will gradually develop into cirrhosis. 5, how low to normal immune function and do not become a chronic hepatitis patients When the ASC to understand the truth, it is necessary to actively deal with, set a realistic goal. ① to maintain the spirit of mind to remove the ideological burden of having to live in fear every day. Identified itself as a healthy person to go to school as usual, the work (with the exception of eating behavior), to participate in physical within the scope of work and training, optimistic, open-minded, not to quarrel with the people, the comparison. Self-control, avoid angry, anxious to avoid over-exertion or cold, and emotional stability. The spirit of the nerves of people in favor of normal immune function returned to normal, knowing it will clear the virus out, beyond the transition to negative natural. If the rush to clear the virus to large or negative Xiao Sanyang. At present, no specific drug will only add to the annoyance and frustration. Science has confirmed that anxiety, frustration, and other negative factors in the spirit of the immune system can be further reduced, and there are a number of possible activation of the existence of genetic disease genes, complicated by other illnesses. ② prevent the spread of virus to others regardless of who is or Dasan Yang Xiao Sanyang, it is necessary to prevent the transmission of the virus to other people and especially those who live together. Wash personal items: toothpaste, toothbrush, tooth Cup, towel, basin, and so on have to go ... ... own. Do not share. Fencan diet should, as far as possible, outside a small restaurant, first, to avoid other people, and the other is also longer on anti-hepatitis B virus, so that the drug increased, or mass variation on the strain, increasing the difficulty of removal of the virus. ③ suitable for human consumption as much as possible to improve the quality of high-protein diet, high-fiber, high-vitamin, low-fat diet and Sik most of the sugar, if for the obese should be eating low-sugar, low-calorie diet in order to maintain standards for weight, avoid fat (caused by fatty liver Or diabetes-induced). Not a particular kind of food, grain cereals, fresh vegetables, fruit, a variety of lean meat, milk, fish, chickens and ducks, and so may, in addition to alcohol, tobacco free, eat less spicy, fried food, Needless to avoid certain food, but try to eat less Food and semi-finished products of liver damage have food or drugs, not trying everything, the credulity of negative advertising or the use of drug prescriptions Youyi, prescription or what ancestral side, so as not to increase the burden on the liver.